Respiratory Structures Flashcards
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What is the larynx?
The portion of the respiratory tract containing vocal cords…also called the voice box
What is the Trachea?
The portion of the respiratory that passes from the larynx to the bronchi
Also called the windpipe..
The trachea branches into two bronchi
What’s the definition of a bronchi
(singular…bronchus)
One of a pair of the breathing tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs
Within the lung, the bronchi branch repeatedly into finer and finer tubes called Bronchioles.
What are Bronchioles?
A fine branch of the bronchi that transports air to Alveoli.
Surfactant prevent the alveoli to collapse under high surface tension. It coats the alveoli and reduces surface tension.
What is the SURFACTANT?
A substance secreted by the alveoli that decreases surface tension in the fluid that coats the alveoli.
What does the conducting zone do?
It brings in AIR to where gaseous exchange can happen
It warms and humility and also filter the AIR
How does the medulla oblongata regulations the rate of respiration?
It uses the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid around it. When the pH is low(acidic) then it increases the rate of breathing until a good amount of carbon dioxide is left in the body.
What is the function of the interpleural fluid?
Lubricates interpleural surfaces and creates interpleural pressures.
Helps the lungs to move freely and reduces the resistance of the lungs.
Definition of tidal volume
The volume of air mammals inhales and exhales with each breath.
Definition of vital capacity
The maximum tidal volume
Definition of residual volume
The amount of air that remains after a forceful exhalation.
Definition of intercostals
The muscles in between the ribs.
Definition of a function residual capacity(FRC)
The air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration(exhalation)
What are the 5 steps of respiration
- Ventilation
- Gas exchange between aveolar air and blood
- Gas transport through pulmonary systemic circulation
- Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood in capillaries and cells in tissues.
- Cellular Respiration– Cellular utilization of oxygen and production of Carbon Dioxide.
Explain what happens when u breathe in(during inspiration)
The volume of the thoracic cavity increases
Ribs move up and out, the diaphragm moves downwards
There is pressure gradient, lower pressure in the lungs, hence forcing the the lungs to release air.
What happens when you breathe out?
Decrease in volume in the thoracic cavity–higher pressure in the lungs–hence forcing the lungs to take in air.
Ribs fall
Diagraph moves up
Definition of pulmonary(minute) ventilation
Volume of air moved in and out of the lungs per unit time
Alveolar ventilation definition
Volume of “fresh air” entering alveoli per minute.
What does Henry’s law state?
The amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in Equilibrium.
Animals transport most of their Oxygen bound to proteins called respiratory pigments
Define respiratory pigments
A protein that transports oxygen in blood or hemolymph.
Low pH decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for Oxygen, an affect Ed the Bohr Shift
Define the Bohr Shift
A lowering of the affinity of hemoglobin for Oxygen is caused by a drop in pH. It facilitates the release of oxygen from hemoglobin in the vicinity of active tissues.
Thus where carbon dioxide production is greater, hemoglobin releases more Oxygen, which can then be used to support more cellular respiration.
