Respiratory Structures

Question 1

What is the larynx?

Answer 1

The portion of the respiratory tract containing vocal cords…also called the voice box

Question 2

What is the Trachea?

Answer 2

The portion of the respiratory that passes from the larynx to the bronchi
Also called the windpipe..

Question 3

The trachea branches into two bronchi

What’s the definition of a bronchi

Answer 3

(singular…bronchus)

One of a pair of the breathing tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs

Question 4

Within the lung, the bronchi branch repeatedly into finer and finer tubes called Bronchioles.

What are Bronchioles?

Answer 4

A fine branch of the bronchi that transports air to Alveoli.

Question 5

Surfactant prevent the alveoli to collapse under high surface tension. It coats the alveoli and reduces surface tension.

What is the SURFACTANT?

Answer 5

A substance secreted by the alveoli that decreases surface tension in the fluid that coats the alveoli.

Question 6

What does the conducting zone do?

Answer 6

It brings in AIR to where gaseous exchange can happen

It warms and humility and also filter the AIR

Question 7

How does the medulla oblongata regulations the rate of respiration?

Answer 7

It uses the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid around it. When the pH is low(acidic) then it increases the rate of breathing until a good amount of carbon dioxide is left in the body.

Question 8

What is the function of the interpleural fluid?

Answer 8

Lubricates interpleural surfaces and creates interpleural pressures.

Helps the lungs to move freely and reduces the resistance of the lungs.

Question 9

Definition of tidal volume

Answer 9

The volume of air mammals inhales and exhales with each breath.

Question 10

Definition of vital capacity

Answer 10

The maximum tidal volume

Question 11

Definition of residual volume

Answer 11

The amount of air that remains after a forceful exhalation.

Question 12

Definition of intercostals

Answer 12

The muscles in between the ribs.

Question 13

Definition of a function residual capacity(FRC)

Answer 13

The air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration(exhalation)

Question 14

What are the 5 steps of respiration

Answer 14

1. Ventilation
2. Gas exchange between aveolar air and blood
3. Gas transport through pulmonary systemic circulation
4. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood in capillaries and cells in tissues.
5. Cellular Respiration– Cellular utilization of oxygen and production of Carbon Dioxide.

Question 15

Explain what happens when u breathe in(during inspiration)

Answer 15

The volume of the thoracic cavity increases

Ribs move up and out, the diaphragm moves downwards

There is pressure gradient, lower pressure in the lungs, hence forcing the the lungs to release air.

Question 16

What happens when you breathe out?

Answer 16

Decrease in volume in the thoracic cavity–higher pressure in the lungs–hence forcing the lungs to take in air.

Ribs fall
Diagraph moves up

Question 17

Definition of pulmonary(minute) ventilation

Answer 17

Volume of air moved in and out of the lungs per unit time

Question 18

Alveolar ventilation definition

Answer 18

Volume of “fresh air” entering alveoli per minute.

Question 19

What does Henry’s law state?

Answer 19

The amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in Equilibrium.

Question 20

Animals transport most of their Oxygen bound to proteins called respiratory pigments

Define respiratory pigments

Answer 20

A protein that transports oxygen in blood or hemolymph.

Question 21

Low pH decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for Oxygen, an affect Ed the Bohr Shift

Define the Bohr Shift

Answer 21

A lowering of the affinity of hemoglobin for Oxygen is caused by a drop in pH. It facilitates the release of oxygen from hemoglobin in the vicinity of active tissues.

Thus where carbon dioxide production is greater, hemoglobin releases more Oxygen, which can then be used to support more cellular respiration.