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BIOLOGY APES > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an open circulatory system?

A

Circulatory system in which the fluid called the hemolymph directly baths the tissues and organs and there is distinction between the hemolymph and circulating fluid.

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2
Q

What is a closed circulatory system?

A

A circulatory system in which blood is kep separate from the interstitial fluid and in which blood is confined to vessels..

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels in humans?

DON’T YOU DARE GIVE IN TO BEING LAZY. KEEP GOING. IT IS NOT EASY, BUT IT IS WORTH IT. KEEP GOING

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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4
Q

What’s the function of an artery?

A

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart to organs throughout the body.

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5
Q

Within organs, arteries branch into arterioles.

What are arterioles?

A

A vessel that conveys(transports/transfers) blood between an artery and s capillary bed.

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6
Q

What is a Capillary?

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A

A microscopic vessels that penetrates the tissues and allows exchange (by diffusion) between the blood and interstitial fluid.

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7
Q

At their downstream, capillaries converge into venules.

Define venules.

A

A vessel that transports blood between a Capillary bed and a vein.

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8
Q

Venules converge into veins

What is a vein?

DO NOT STOP UNTIL YOU ARE SATISFIED. YOU ARE NOT WEAK. SUSTAIN THE PRESSURE. THAT IS ALL.

A

A vessel that carries blood towards the heart.

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9
Q

What are portal veins?

A

They carry blood between pairs of capillary beds.

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10
Q

What is an atrium( plural,Atria)

A

A chamber of a vertebrate heart that receives blood from a vein and transfers it to a ventricle.

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11
Q

What is a ventricle in s vertebrate heart?

A

Pumps blood out of the heart.

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12
Q

What is a single circulation?

A

A circulatory system with one pump and one circuit in which blood passes from the sites if gas exchange to the rest of the body before returning to the heart.

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13
Q

What is a closed circulatory system.

YEY WENA MFANA. UNGANGICASULI. FUNDA UKWAZI KONKE LOKHU AND COMPLETE YOUR TO-DO TODAY. ARGAAA. UZONGIDINA

A

A circulatory system consisting of separate pulmonary and systemic circuit,in which blood passes through the heart after completing each circuit.

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14
Q

All blood vessels contain a central lumen (cavity) line with an endothelium.

What is an Endothelium ?

A

The simple squamous layer of cells lining the lumen of blood vessels.

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15
Q

On average, the human adult body loses 4-8 L of fluid from the arteries. There is also some leakage OF blood proteins, even though the capillary wall isn’t permeable to large molecules.
All the lost fluid and proteins is recovered and returned to the blood via the lymphatic system.

What Is the lymphatic system?

A

A system of vessels and nodes, separate from the circulatory system, that returns fluid, proteins and cells to the blood.

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16
Q

What is the Lymph?

A

The recovered fluid from the capillaries

The colourless fluid, derived from the interstitial fluid, in the lymphatic system of vertebrates.

17
Q

What causes Elephantiasis?

UNGANGICASULI MINA. FUNDA. ANGIZWANI NEVILA VOCO. ARGAAAH. STUDY AND VITHIZA THIS PAPER WENAAAAAA MAAAAAAAN

A

Certain species of parasitic worms that lodge in lymph vessels and thereby block lymph movement.

18
Q

Lymph nodes are found along with a lymph

What are lymph nodes?

A

An organ located along a lymph system.
Its function is to filter lymph and contains cells that attack viruses and bacteria.

Plays a role in the body’s defences.

19
Q

Define the Aorta

A

The main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system.

20
Q

What is the inferior vena cava(IVC) -function

A

Carries blood from the legs, feet and organs in the abdomen and pelvis. This is the largest vein in the body

21
Q

When the heart contracts, it pumps blood and when it relaxes it’s chambers fill with blood.

What is a cardiac cycle

A

The alternating contractions and relaxations of the heart.

The contraction phase is called the Systole and the relaxation phase is called the Diastole.

22
Q

2 factors determine the cardiac output. Heart Rate(number of beats per minute) and Stoke volume(the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per single contraction)
………

Definition of cardiac output.

A

The volume of blood each VENTRICLE pumps per minute.

23
Q

Definition of a heart murmur

A

A hissing sound that most often results from blood squirting backward through a leaky valve in the heart.

24
Q

Definition of the sinoatrial (SA) node.

A

A region in the right atrium of the heart that sets the rate and timing at which all cardiac muscle cells contract, the peacemaker.

25
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles

26
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

Blood pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed.

27
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscles in the vessel walls.

28
Q

What is vasodilation?

KEEP GOING. YOU ARE ALMOST THERE

A

An increase in the diameter of blood vessels caused by relaxation of smooth muscles in the vessel walls.

29
Q

Given that capillaries lack smooth muscle, how is blood flood in capillary beds altered?

A

One mechanism is constriction or dilation of the arterioles that supply capillary beds.

A second mechanism involves precapillary sphincters located at the entrance to capillary beds.

Precapillary sphincters regulate the passage of blood into capillary beds.

30
Q

What walls do capillaries have?

NOTHING IS DIFFICULT. IT IS ALL EASY. RELAX. BREATHE. BE KIND TO YOURSELF. EXECUTE

A

Endothelial walls

IT IS YOUR FATE SO IT IS BOUND TO HAPPEN, SO DO NOT BE THE OBSTRUCTION IN GOD’S PLAN FOR YOU.

31
Q

2 opposing forces control the movement of fluid between capillaries and the surrounding tissue. What are those 2 forces

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A

Blood pressure tends to drive fluid out of the capillaries and

the presence of blood proteins tends to pull fluid back

32
Q

Many blood proteins are too large to pass readily through the endothelium, so they remain in capillaries. These dissolved proteins are responsible for much of the blood’s osmotic pressure.

What effect does the osmotic pressure have on the net loss of fluid from capillaries?

A

The difference in osmotic pressure between the blood and the interstitial fluid opposes fluid movement out of the capillaries.

On average, blood pressure is greater than the opposing forces, leading to a net loss of fluid from capillaries.

BIOLOGY APES (17 decks)

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