Respiratory Signs on examination revision Flashcards
What are acute causes of breathlessness?
PE, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary oedema
What are subacute causes of breathlessness?
Pneumonia, pleural effusion, Asthma/COPD, Pulmonary oedema
What are chronic causes of breathlessness?
COPD, Pulmonary fibrosis, PE
What are some causes of an acute dry cough? <8 weeks (Lots of them listed)
Commonly viral aetiology, Lung cancer, Mesothelioma, Pulmonary Mets, Pulmonary fibrosis, Sarcoidosis, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
What are some causes of a chronic dry cough?
GORD, ACE-I, Upper airways disease, Smoking.
What are some causes of Haemoptysis?
Infection, carcinoma, PE, Bronchiectasis.
What is the cause of a CO2 flap?
Hypercapnic encephalopathy
What are causes of finger clubbing?
Bronchial carcinoma, fibrosi alveolitis, lung suppuration (Bronchiectasis, lung abscess, empyema), congenital heart disease, Infective endocarditis, congenital, idiopathic
What are 2 causes of Horner’s syndrome?
Pancoast tumour, cervical lymphandeopathy
What are the symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?
Small pupils, Ptosis, Unilateral loss of sweating, Enophthalmos
What causes unilateral reduced chest expansion?
Pneumothorax, Pleural effusion, blocked central bronchus, diaphragm palsy.
What causes bilateral reduced chest expansion?
Hyperinflation(emphysema), Restrictive lung disease
How would a trachea deviate in a tension pneumothorax?
Away from the pneumothorax
What cause would cause tracheal deviation towards it?
Collapse consolidation
What would cause tracheal deviation away from its cause?
Tension pneumothorax, pleural effusion
What would cause hyper-resonant percussion?
Pneumothorax, emphysema
What would lead to impaired resonance on percussion?
Consolidation, pleural thickening, raised hemi-diaphragm
What would lead to stony dull percussion?
Pleural effusion
How would breath sounds be described if normal?
Vesicular with no added sounds
What can cause reduced breath sounds on auscultation?
Effusion, collapse, bronchial obstruction, emphysema
What can cause bronchial breath sounds?
Consolidation without patent bronchial system(e.g. pneumonia or pulmonary fibrosis)
What can cause a localised wheeze on auscultation?
One cause is a large airway tumour
What can cause a generalised wheeze on auscultation?
Small airway obstruction such as Asthma or bronchitis
What can cause squeaks (& crackles) on auscultation?
Bronchiolitis
What can cause fine crackles on auscultation?
Pulmonary fibrosis (late inspiratory)
What can cause moderate/coarse crackles on auscultation?
Pulmonary oedema, Consolidation, bronchiectasis
What can cause a plural rub?
Pneumonia, PE, viral or autoimmune pleurisy
What can cause a pleural click?
Pneumothorax
