Resp Buzzwords Flashcards
What does stony dullness on percussion indicate?
Pleural effusion
What are the X-ray signs of pulmonary oedema?
Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated prominent upper lobes vessels, pleural effusion
What does ground-glass appearance on a CXR indicate?
Pulmonary fibrosis or Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
Ziehl-Neelsen stain postive for acid fast bacilli?
TB
Caseous necrosis can be a sign of what disease?
TB
Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies indicate?
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Causative organism for a chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet
Chlamoydophila psittaci
Dry cough & diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread indicate what?
Legionell pneumonia (test urine for antigens)
Tall, thin young man (possibly indulge in marijuana)
Probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)
What are the signs of sarcoidosis?
Bilateral hilar lyphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis & weight loss
Signet ring sign on CT (Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole)
Bronchiectasis
D sign on CXR
Empyema
“steeple” sign on CXR
Croup/Laryngotracheobronchitis
Child with barking cough
Croup
Pneumocystis pneumonia
HIV (treat with Co-Trimaoxazole) +/- predisolone if severe
What organism would you worry about in an Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
What organism is associated with Red Jelly sputum?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
What organism is associated with Mucoid sputum?
Chlamydia psittaci
What disease is associated with Rusty sputum?
Pneumococcal pneumonia
What are cannonball mets (+ weight loss + haematuria) associated with?
Classically from primary renal cell carcinoma
Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity
Samter’s triad (Aspirin induced pneumonia)
Morning headache
Hypercapnia or Organic nitrate side effect
ACTH secreting lung tumour?
Small cell carcinoma
PTCH secreting lung tumour?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma characteristics?
Neuroendocrine, highly malignant, ay be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes
What is associated with increased serum ACE & Ca2+
Sarcoidosis
Eggshell classification at hilar region on CXR?
Silicosis
Ghon focus?
Area of infection & nacreous necrosis at lung periphery. Found with TB.
Assmann focus?
Apical lesion of secondary TB
‘coin lesion’ on CXR
Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma. Metastatic tumour, bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous infection, lung abscess.
Horner’s syndrome cause?
Pancoast’s tumour or local spread of cancer to intrathoracic nodes.
Horner’s syndrome symptoms?
Droopy eyelid, constricted pupil, lack of sweating on ipsilateral side of face. With or without enopthalmos (inset eyeball)
(Due to invasion of cervical sympathetic chain)
Acute management of Asthma?
OSHIT MAN
Oxygen 100% through non-rebreather mask. Salbutamol nebuliser back-to-back . Hydrocortisone IV or Presnisolone PO. Iptratropium bromide nebuliser hourly. Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV. Magnesium & Call an anaethetist/ambulance.
Thumbprint sign on Head X-ray?
Epiglottis
Inspiratory whoop/barking cough ?
Pertussis
Snow storm appearance on CXR?
baritones silicosis
Management of infective exacerbation of COPD?
iSOAP
iptratropium. Salbutamol, Oxygen, Amoxicillin, Prednisolone.
Non smoker + lung cancer indicates what kind of tumour?
Adenocarcinoma (peripheral)
Squamous + small cell lung cancers are located where in the lungs?
Central
Adenocarcinomas are located where in the lungs?
Peripheral
High D-dimers indicate?
Suspect (but not diagnose) PE. Need to send for CTPA or V/Q scan
Low D-dimers indicate?
Exclude PE
Large PE treatment?
Thrombolysis
Small PE treatment?
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
What are the TB drugs?
2 RIPE 4 RI- 2 months Rifampicin, Isoniazid, pyrazinamide, Ethambutol. 4 months Rifampicin, Isoniazid.
Rifampicin
Red/orange coloured bodily fluids
Isoniazid
Peripheral neuropathy
Pyrazinamide
Arthralgia
Ethambutol
Optic neuritis/ myalgia
