Respiratory Rx

Question 1

Loratadine

Answer 1

(Claritin) (2nd generation antihistamine)
histamine H1-receptor antagonist
(non-sedating)

Used for seasonal allergies, chronic idiopathic urticaria

A/E: HA (common); fatigue, giddiness, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, somnolence
Interactions w/ additive effects w/ CNS depressants
CI: liver dz, acute asthma attack, pneumonia

Question 2

Diphenhydramine

Answer 2

(Benadryl) histamine H1-receptor antagonist (sedating antihistamine, antiemetic)
*crosses BBB

Used for allergies (not asthma), motion sickness prophylaxis, cough, insomnia

A/E: drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, anorexia

Question 3

Hydroxyzine

Answer 3

piperazine derivative (histamine H1-receptors)
anxiolytic, antihistamine, sedative-hypnotic

Used for short term mgmt of anxiety, pruritis, chronic urticaria, preoperative sedation

A/E: CNS depression, paradoxical CNS stimulation, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, tachycardia, GI disturbances, HA, hypotension, tinnitus

Question 4

Cyproheptadine

Answer 4

piperidine (nonselective) sedating antihistamine (antimuscarinic, serotonin-antagonist and Ca-channel blocking, competes for H1-receptor sites)

Used for allergic conditions, tx & prophylaxis of migraine & other vascular HAs

A/E: drowsiness, fatigue, dry mouth, GI upset, appetite increase, weight gain, impaired alertness

CI: narrow angle glaucoma, acute asthmatic attack

Question 5

Fluticasone

Answer 5

(Flovent Diskus, Flovent HVA) inhaled synthetic corticosteroid (anti-inflam)

Used for prevention of allergic rhinitis, chronic nasal inflammation, and asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis

A/E: nasal & throat irritation, oropharyngeal candidiasis

Question 6

Albuterol/Salbutamol

Answer 6

(Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA)
inhaled sympathomimetic
beta-2 adrenergic agonist [bronchodilator, antiasthmatic]

Used for acute bronchospasm, COPD

A/E: tremor, nausea, HA, restlessness, palpitations, tachycardia, chest pain

Question 7

Salmeterol

Answer 7

(Serevent)
Long-acting beta-2-adrenergic agonist (LABA) [sympathomimetic bronchodilator]

Used for asthma in combo w/ glucocorticoids for moderate to severe asthma; prevents nocturnal attacks & exercise-induced asthma

A/E: tachycardia, HA, nervousness

BLACK BOX: increased risk of asthma-related death

Question 8

Epinephrine/Adrenalin

Answer 8

(EPI Pen) sympathomimetic bronchodilator (direct acting); stimulates alpha & beta adrenergic receptors –>

Question 9

Phenylephrine nasal spray

Answer 9

sympathomimetic (alpha-adrenergic agonist); decongestant

Question 10

Tiotropium bromide

Answer 10

antimuscarinic, anticholinergic [bronchodilator]

Question 11

Ipratropium bromide

Answer 11

anticholinergic

Question 12

Montelukast Sodium

Answer 12

(Singulair) leukotriene receptor antagonist (antiasthmatic)

Question 13

Dextromethorphan

Answer 13

(Benylin DM) levorphanol derivative (antitussive)

Question 14

Guaifenesin

Answer 14

(Mucinex) propanediol derivative (mucolytic, expectorant)

Question 15

Oxymetazoline

Answer 15

(Drystan, Afrin) imidazoline (decongestant); direct acting sympathomimetic

Question 16

Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD Skin Test/Mantoux Test)

Answer 16

antigenic purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; used in Dx of TB

Question 17

Isoniazid (INH)

Answer 17

isonicotinic acid (antitubercular agent)

Question 18

Promethazine

Answer 18

sedating antihistamine?

Question 19

Meclizine (OTC)

Answer 19

sedating antihistamine?

Question 20

Beclomethasone

Answer 20

inhaled steroid

Question 21

Benzonatate

Answer 21

cough suppressant

Question 22

acetylcysteine

Answer 22

mucolytic

Question 23

Cromolyn Sodium

Answer 23

mucolytic??

Question 24

Rifampin

Answer 24

tuberculosis drug?

Question 25

what do beta 2 stimulation do?

Answer 25

bronchodilation & vasodilation

Question 26

what does beta-2 agonist do?

Answer 26

causes relaxation of smooth muscles, opening up airway [bronchodilation]