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NPLEX2 Pharm > Cardiovascular Rx > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Rx Flashcards

1
Q

Atenolol

A

selective beta-1 blocker (cardioselective)(only affects lungs/B2 at high doses)
anti-hypertensive, antianginal

Used for angina, HTN (off-label migraine prophylaxis)

A/E: fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, CHF
*must be tapered off (rebound tachy/arrhythmia)

CI: asthma, CHF, DM

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2
Q

Metoprolol

A

selective beta-1 blocker
Antihypertensive (sympatholytic?)

Used for agina, HTN, post-MI (reduced mortality)

A/E: fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, CHF
*must be tapered off (rebound tachy/arrhythmia)

CI: asthma, diabetes

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3
Q

Propranolol

A

non-selective beta blocker (decreased HR & CO–> dec BP; bronchoconstriction)
antihypertensive, antianginal, antiarrhythmic

Used for angina, HTN, post-MI (off-label migraine prevention & anxiety)

A/E: (2BBs)
Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, sadness (depression)
Blood vessel spasm –> peripheral vascular dz
Blunted manifestations of hypoglycemia, impotence

CI: asthma, COPD

*must be tapered off (rebound tachy/arrhythmia/HTN)

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4
Q

Carvedilol

A

beta & alpha-1 blocker
Antihypertensive

Used for HTN, CHF, post-MI LV dysfunction, off label for migraines

A/E: fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, CHF, hepatotoxicity, Steve Johnson syndrome
*must be tapered off (rebound tachy/arrhythmia)

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5
Q

Doxazosin

A

alpha-1 antagonist

Used for HTN, urinary retention assoc w/ BPH. Off label for PTSD nightmares

AE: hypotension, priapism or ED

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6
Q

Hydralazine

A

smooth muscle relaxant; peripheral vasodilation

Uses: HTN, CHF

AE: very common (HA, tachycardia, palp). common (flushing, hypotension, angina, GI upset, edema, joint/muscle aches

*prolonged treatment may cause drug-induced lupus
*depletes B6

Interaction: EtOH & BP-lowering drugs

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7
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor
antihypertensive (vasodilation)
K+ sparing

Used for HTN, CHF, diabetic nephropathy
A/E: dry cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, liver failure
C/I: pregnancy

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8
Q

**Ramipril

A

ACE inhibitor
K+ sparing

Uses: HTN, CHF, diabetic nephropathy

A/E: dry cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension
C/I: pregnancy

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9
Q

Amlodipine

A

Ca+ channel blocker
antihypertensive, antianginal
(dec muscle contraction–> peripheral vasodilation & dec myocardial contractility)

Used in HTN, Prinzmetal’s angina, stable angina (off-label Raynaud)

A/E: peripheral edema, HA, diziness, hypokalemia
*caution elderly F w/ emotional lability (depression/anxiety)

C/I: CHF

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10
Q

*Diltiazem

A

Ca+ channel blocker,
coronary artery dilator

A/E: CHF
C/I: CHF

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11
Q

*Verapamil

A

Ca+ channel blocker
A/E: CHF
C/I: CHF
*depletes Vit E

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12
Q

Clonidine

A

alpha-2-adrenergic agonist; centrally acting sympatholytic
antihypertensive

Used for emergency blood pressure lowering, ADHD, hot sweats, nicotine dependence

A/E: rebound HTN, bradycardia, sedation, LE edema
(add more based on sympatholytic??)

Preg C

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13
Q

*Irbesartan

A

ARB (Angiotensin AT1 receptor agonist)
K+ sparing

AE: hyperkalemia

CI: preg

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14
Q

*Losartan

A

ARB (Angiotensin AT1 receptor agonist)
K+ sparing

AE: hyperkalemia

CI: preg

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15
Q

Valsartan

A

ARB (Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist)
K+ sparing antihypertensive

Used for HTN (intolerant of ACE-I)

A/E: hyperkalemia, hypotension

CI: preg

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16
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic (strongest)
K+ wasting

Used for acute pulmonary edema, CHF, acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis, hyperkalemia, acute hypercalcemia
*first choice for edema

A/E: hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, ototoxicity

17
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic (med strength)
K+ wasting

Used for:
this HEN has a big THIgh
Hypetension, CHF
Edema
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A/E: hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, gout, hyponatremia
*interaction w/ sulfa Abx

18
Q

Spironolactone

A

aldosterone antagonist (weakest)
K+ sparing diuretic
antihypertensive

Used for:
HELP fight against aldosterone
Hypertension, CHF
Edema
Hypokalemia
Primary hyperaldosteronism

A/E: hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, impotence, gastric distress

19
Q

Triamterene

A

K+ sparing diuretic
*often paired w/ HCTZ to keep K+ levels

A/E: hyperkalemia

20
Q

Potassium chloride

A

IV electrolyte

21
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

organic nitrate vasodilator
antianginal, vasodilator

Used for angina pectoris d/t CAD, CHF, hypertensive emergency

dose: SL 1 tab q5 min, max 3 doses

A/E: headache

CI: recent use of sildenafil (24 hr)

22
Q

*Isosorbide Mononitrate

A

vasodilator

used for angina

AE: HA

Interaction: phosphodiesterase inhibitors (viagra, etc)

23
Q

Digoxin

A

cardiac glycoside (Na+, K+-ATPase inhibition; enhances cardiac contractility, decreased HR)
Antiarrhythmic

Used for CHF (LV systolic), atrial flutter, SVT

A/E: yellow halo around vision, GI disturbances, arrhythmias, hypokalemia, HA, fatigue, confusion

*always monitor digitalis levels b/c toxicity looks like flu (no cardiac sxs)

Interaction: BB, CCB, Anx, verapamil, amiodarone, quinidine, K+ wasting diuretics

24
Q

Amiodarone

A

cardiac ion channel blocker (antiarrhythmic)(blocks K+, Na+, Ca+ channels and adrenergic beta-receptors; prolongs cardiac repolarization, slow HR, increases PR & QT

Used for SVT, ventricular arrhythmias, V-tach, A-fib

A/E: PHD
Pulmonary fibrosis, Photosensitivity
Heart blocks, decreased HR, hypotension
Hypo/hyperthyroidism
Hepatotoxicity
Deposits in cornea & skin

*best efficacy for emergent arrhythmia but most A/E & fatality long-term
*IV injection can cause “Smurf syndrome”

25
Q

Atropine

A

anticholinergic (antiarrhythmic, vagolytic)

Used as antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning. Used in tx of bradycardia during cardiac emergencies

26
Q

*Flecainide

A

Na+ channel blocker, slowing heart (antiarrhythmic)

Uses: tacharrhythmias, A-fib, SVT, v-tach

AE: cardiac & pulm toxicity

Interactions: EtOH, amiodarone, quinidine, cimetidine, digoxin, paroxetine, propafenone

27
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

fibrate

Used to treat hyperlipidemia, specifically to decrease TGs but also mild LDL dec & HDL inc
(usually for familial hyperlipidemia)
*reserved for TG>500

A/E: gallstones, GI upset, elevated liver enzymes, enhanced action of oral anticoagulents, myositis, rhabdomylolysis, DVT, SOB, PE, hemoptysis, may increase homocysteine,

28
Q

*Simvastatin

A

Statin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Used for hyperlipidemia

29
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Statin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Used for hyperlipidemia

A/E: transaminase elevations, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, tendon rupture

Preg X

30
Q

Colesevelam

A

Bile acid sequestrant

Uses: elevated cholesterol, GI binding agent

AE: if dehydrated, can cause bowel obstruction

similar to cholestyramine

31
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Blocks absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine

Uses: 2nd line cholesterol lowering for those intolerant of statin or unable to achieve target LDL levels

A/E: previous allergic rxn, severe liver dz

Interactions: cyclosporine, fibrates

NPLEX2 Pharm (16 decks)

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