Cardiovascular Rx Flashcards
Atenolol
selective beta-1 blocker (cardioselective)(only affects lungs/B2 at high doses)
anti-hypertensive, antianginal
Used for angina, HTN (off-label migraine prophylaxis)
A/E: fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, CHF
*must be tapered off (rebound tachy/arrhythmia)
CI: asthma, CHF, DM
Metoprolol
selective beta-1 blocker
Antihypertensive (sympatholytic?)
Used for agina, HTN, post-MI (reduced mortality)
A/E: fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, CHF
*must be tapered off (rebound tachy/arrhythmia)
CI: asthma, diabetes
Propranolol
non-selective beta blocker (decreased HR & CO–> dec BP; bronchoconstriction)
antihypertensive, antianginal, antiarrhythmic
Used for angina, HTN, post-MI (off-label migraine prevention & anxiety)
A/E: (2BBs)
Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, sadness (depression)
Blood vessel spasm –> peripheral vascular dz
Blunted manifestations of hypoglycemia, impotence
CI: asthma, COPD
*must be tapered off (rebound tachy/arrhythmia/HTN)
Carvedilol
beta & alpha-1 blocker
Antihypertensive
Used for HTN, CHF, post-MI LV dysfunction, off label for migraines
A/E: fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, CHF, hepatotoxicity, Steve Johnson syndrome
*must be tapered off (rebound tachy/arrhythmia)
Doxazosin
alpha-1 antagonist
Used for HTN, urinary retention assoc w/ BPH. Off label for PTSD nightmares
AE: hypotension, priapism or ED
Hydralazine
smooth muscle relaxant; peripheral vasodilation
Uses: HTN, CHF
AE: very common (HA, tachycardia, palp). common (flushing, hypotension, angina, GI upset, edema, joint/muscle aches
*prolonged treatment may cause drug-induced lupus
*depletes B6
Interaction: EtOH & BP-lowering drugs
Lisinopril
ACE inhibitor
antihypertensive (vasodilation)
K+ sparing
Used for HTN, CHF, diabetic nephropathy
A/E: dry cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, liver failure
C/I: pregnancy
**Ramipril
ACE inhibitor
K+ sparing
Uses: HTN, CHF, diabetic nephropathy
A/E: dry cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension
C/I: pregnancy
Amlodipine
Ca+ channel blocker
antihypertensive, antianginal
(dec muscle contraction–> peripheral vasodilation & dec myocardial contractility)
Used in HTN, Prinzmetal’s angina, stable angina (off-label Raynaud)
A/E: peripheral edema, HA, diziness, hypokalemia
*caution elderly F w/ emotional lability (depression/anxiety)
C/I: CHF
*Diltiazem
Ca+ channel blocker,
coronary artery dilator
A/E: CHF
C/I: CHF
*Verapamil
Ca+ channel blocker
A/E: CHF
C/I: CHF
*depletes Vit E
Clonidine
alpha-2-adrenergic agonist; centrally acting sympatholytic
antihypertensive
Used for emergency blood pressure lowering, ADHD, hot sweats, nicotine dependence
A/E: rebound HTN, bradycardia, sedation, LE edema
(add more based on sympatholytic??)
Preg C
*Irbesartan
ARB (Angiotensin AT1 receptor agonist)
K+ sparing
AE: hyperkalemia
CI: preg
*Losartan
ARB (Angiotensin AT1 receptor agonist)
K+ sparing
AE: hyperkalemia
CI: preg
Valsartan
ARB (Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist)
K+ sparing antihypertensive
Used for HTN (intolerant of ACE-I)
A/E: hyperkalemia, hypotension
CI: preg
Furosemide
Loop diuretic (strongest)
K+ wasting
Used for acute pulmonary edema, CHF, acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis, hyperkalemia, acute hypercalcemia
*first choice for edema
A/E: hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, ototoxicity
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic (med strength)
K+ wasting
Used for:
this HEN has a big THIgh
Hypetension, CHF
Edema
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
A/E: hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, gout, hyponatremia
*interaction w/ sulfa Abx
Spironolactone
aldosterone antagonist (weakest)
K+ sparing diuretic
antihypertensive
Used for:
HELP fight against aldosterone
Hypertension, CHF
Edema
Hypokalemia
Primary hyperaldosteronism
A/E: hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, impotence, gastric distress
Triamterene
K+ sparing diuretic
*often paired w/ HCTZ to keep K+ levels
A/E: hyperkalemia
Potassium chloride
IV electrolyte
Nitroglycerin
organic nitrate vasodilator
antianginal, vasodilator
Used for angina pectoris d/t CAD, CHF, hypertensive emergency
dose: SL 1 tab q5 min, max 3 doses
A/E: headache
CI: recent use of sildenafil (24 hr)
*Isosorbide Mononitrate
vasodilator
used for angina
AE: HA
Interaction: phosphodiesterase inhibitors (viagra, etc)
Digoxin
cardiac glycoside (Na+, K+-ATPase inhibition; enhances cardiac contractility, decreased HR)
Antiarrhythmic
Used for CHF (LV systolic), atrial flutter, SVT
A/E: yellow halo around vision, GI disturbances, arrhythmias, hypokalemia, HA, fatigue, confusion
*always monitor digitalis levels b/c toxicity looks like flu (no cardiac sxs)
Interaction: BB, CCB, Anx, verapamil, amiodarone, quinidine, K+ wasting diuretics
Amiodarone
cardiac ion channel blocker (antiarrhythmic)(blocks K+, Na+, Ca+ channels and adrenergic beta-receptors; prolongs cardiac repolarization, slow HR, increases PR & QT
Used for SVT, ventricular arrhythmias, V-tach, A-fib
A/E: PHD
Pulmonary fibrosis, Photosensitivity
Heart blocks, decreased HR, hypotension
Hypo/hyperthyroidism
Hepatotoxicity
Deposits in cornea & skin
*best efficacy for emergent arrhythmia but most A/E & fatality long-term
*IV injection can cause “Smurf syndrome”
