Respiratory (REVIEW TEST) Flashcards
Which of the following lung volumes or capacities can be measure by spirometry?
- A. FRC
- B. Physologic Dead space
- C. RV
- D. TLC
- E. VC
Vital capacity
An infant born prematurely in gestatinal week 25 has neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. what is expected in this patient
Collapse of the small alveoli
In which vascular bed does hypoxia cause vasonconstriction
Pulmonary
A 12 y/o boy has a severe asthmatic attack with wheeing. He experiences rapid breathing and becomes cyanotic. his arterial PO2 is 60 mmHg and PCO2 is 30 mmHg
Which of the following is true about the patient
His arterial PCO2 is lower than normal because hypoxemia is causing him to hyperventilate
A 12 y/o boy has a severe asthmatic attack with wheeing. He experiences rapid breathing and becomes cyanotic. his arterial PO2 is 60 mmHg and PCO2 is 30 mmHg
to treat this aptient, thy physician should administer
a B2 agonist
True during inspiration
Intrapleural pressure is more negative that it is during expiration
Which volume remains constant inthe lungs after a tidal volume is expired
Functional resudual capacity
35 y/o man has a vital capacity of 5 L, a tidal volume of 0.5 L an IC of 3.5 L and a functional residual capacity of 2.5 L. what is his ERV
1.5 L
ERV = VC - IC
IC includes VT and IRV
Whe a person is standing, blood flow in the lungs
highest at the base because that is where the difference between aarterial and venous pressure is greatest
Which of the ff is illustrated in the graph showing volume versus pressure in the lung-chest wall systems?
When airway pressure is zero (atmospheric),, the volume of the combined system is the functional residual capacity
Which of the following is the siteof highest airway resistance?
Medium sized bronchi
A 49 y/o man has a pulmonary embolis, that completely blcokeds blood flow to his left lug. as a result….___
Alveolar PO2 in theleft lung will be approximatel equal to the PO2 in inspired air
in the HODC shown the shift from curve A to curve B could be cause by
Strenuous exercise
The shift from curve A to B is associated with
Increased P50
Which volume remains constant in the lungs after a maximal expiration
Residual volume
Compared with the sytemic circulation, the pulmonary cirulation has a
Lower resistance
a healthy 65 y/o man with VT of 0.45L has a breathing frequency of 16. his arterial PCO2 is 41 mmHg and the PCO2 of his expired air is 35 mmHg. What is his alveolar ventilation?
6.14 L/min
Alveolar ventialtion is the difference between tidal volume and dead space multiplied by breathing frequency
Dead space is Vt multiplied by the differencce between arterial PCO2 and expired PCO2 divided by arterial PCO2
- Deadspace = 0.45 x (41-35/41) = 0.066 L
- Alveolar ventilation = 0.45 L - 0.066 L x 16
Compared with the apex of the lng, the base of the lung has
a higher pulmonary capillary PCO2
Hypoxemia produces hyperventialtion by a direct effect on the
carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors
Which of the ff changes occurs during strenuous excercise?
Ventilation rate and oxygen consumption increase to the same extent
If an area of the lung is not ventilated becaues of bronchial obstruction, the pulmonary capillary blood serving that area will have a PO2 that is
equal to mixed venous O2
In transprt of CO2 from th tissues to the lungs which of the following occurs in venous blood?
Conversion of CO2 and H2O to H+ and HCO3 in the red blood cells
Which of the ff causes hypoxia is characterized by a decreased arterial PO2 and an increased A-a gradient
Right to left cardiac shunt
A 42y/o woman with severe pulmonary fibrosis is evaluated by her physician and has the following arterial blood gases:
- pH = 7.48
- PaO2 = 55
- PaCO2 = 32
The decreased PaO2 stimulates breathing bia peripheral chemoreceptors
A 38 year old woman moves with her family from New York City (sea level) to leadville colorado (10, 200 feet above sea level0). which of the following will occur as a result of residing at high altitude
Shift to the right of the hemoglobin-Oxygen dissociation curve
The pH of venous blood is only slightly more acidic than the pH of arterial blood because
The H+ generated from CO2 and H20 is buffered by deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood
In maximal expiration, the total volume expired
Vital capacity
A person with a ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) defec has hypoxemia and is treated with supplemental Oxygen. The supplemental oxygen will be most helpful if the person’s predominant V/Q defecct is
low V/Q
Person with pulmonary fibrosis
C
