Cell Physio (review test) Flashcards
Shared characteristics of simple and facilitated diffusion of glucose
Both types occur down an electrochemical gradient
During upstoke of the nerve action potential
There is net inward current and the cell interior becomes less negative
- Te inward current is carried by sodium
- movement of positive charge into the cell
Solution A and B are separated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to K but not to Cl. Solution A is 100 mM KCL and solution B is 1 mM KCL. what will happen?
K will diffuse from solution A to solution B until a membrane potential evelops with solution A negative with respect to solution B
The correct temporal sequence for events a the neuromuscular junction is
Uptake of ca into the presynaptic terminal; release of ACh; deoplarization of the muscle end plate
Characteristic component shared by skeletal and smooth muscle
Elevation of intracellular calcium for excitation-contraction coupling
Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber fauses a sustained contraction. Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for tetanus
Calcium
Soluions A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to calcium and impermeable to Cl. Solution A contains 10 mM CaCl2 ans solution B contains 1 mM CaCl2. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F = 60mV, Ca will be at electrochemical equilibrium when
solution A is -30mV
A 42 y/o man with myasthenia gravis notes increased muscle strength when he is treated with AChE inhibitor. The basis for his improvement is increased
levels of ACh at the muscle end plate
In a hospital error, a 60 year old woman is infused with large volumes of a solution that causes lysis of her RBC. The solution was most likely
300mM urea
- 150mM NaCL and 300mM mannitol are isotonic
- 350mM mannitol and 150mM CaCl2 are hypertonic
- 300 MM urea is hypotonicc
During a nerve action potential, a tmulus is deliered as indicated by the attow shown in the following figure. In response to the stimulus, a second action potential _____
will not occur
- because the stimulus was delivered during the absolute refractory portion
Solution A and B are separated by a membrane that is permeable to urea. Solution A is 10MM urea, and soluton B is 5 mM urea. if the concentration of urea in solution A is doubled, the flux of urea across the membrane wall will
Triple
- Flux is proportional to the concentration dfference across the membrane
A muscle cell has an intracellular [Na] od 14 mM and extracellular [Na] of 140 mM. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F = 60 mV, what would the membrane potential be if the muscle cell membrane were permeable to Na?
+60
- Nernst equation
- ENa = 2.3RT/zF Log Ce/Ci = 60 mV log 140/14 =60
at which labeled poiny on the action potential is K+ closest to electochemical equilibrium?
5
- the hyperpolarizing afterpotential represents the period durimg K permeability is the highest and the membrane potential is clsoest to the K equilibrium potential
What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between poin1 and point 3
Movement of na into the cell
What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs between point 3 and point 4
Movement of K out of the cell
The velocity of conduction of action potential along a nere will be increased by
myelinating the nerve
Solutions A and B are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Solution A contains 1 mM sucrose and 1mM urea. Solution B contains 1 mM sucrose. the reflection coefficient for urea is zero. for sucrose is one. What will happen
Solution A is hyperosmotic with respect to solution B, and the solutions are isotonic
*
transport of D and L glucose proceeds at the same rate down the elctrochemical gradient by which of the following processes
facilitate diffusion
how can we double permeability of a solute in a lipid bilayer
doubling the oil/water partition coefficient of the solute
A newly developed local anesthetic blocks sodium channels in nerves. Which of the following effects on the action potential would it be expected to produce?
Decrease the rate of rise of the upstroke of the action potential
At the muscle end plate, ACh causes opening of the
Na and K channels and depolarization to a value halfway between sodium and K equilibrium potentials
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential
hyperpolarizes the postynaptic membrane by opening Cl channels
Which of the followinf would occur as a result of the inhibition of Na, K, ATPase?
increased intracellular calcium concentration
Temporal sequence for excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle?
Action potential in the muscle membrane; depolarization of the T tubules; release of calcium from the SR
Which of the following transport processes is involved if transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by abolishing the usual Na gradient across the cell membrane?
Cotransport
In skeletal muscle, which of the following events occurs before depolarization of the T tubules in the mechanism of excitation contraction coupling?
Depolarization of the sarcolemma membrane
Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
GABA
ATP is used indirectly for which of the following processes
Absorption of glucose by intestinal epithelial cells
Causes rigor in the skeletal muscle?
A decrease in ATP level
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons has been implicated in ____
Parkinson disease
Assuming complete dissociation of all solutes, which of the ff would be hyperosmotic to 1mM NaCl?
- A. 1mM glucose
- B. 1.5 mM glucose
- C. 1 mM CaCl2
- D. 1 mM sucrose
- E. 1mM KCl`
1mM CaCl2
A new drug is developed that blocks the transporter for H+ secretion in the gastric parietal cells. Which of the following transport processes is being inhibited?
Primary active transport
A 56 y/o woman with severe muscle weakness is hospitalized. The only abdnormality in her labratory values is an elevated serum K concentraion. the elevatedserum K causes muscle weakness because
Na channels are closed by depolarization
In contraction of GI smooth muscle, this event occurs after bindinf of calcium to calmodulin
Increased myosin-light-chain kinase
In an experimental preparation ofa nerve axon, membrane potential (Em), K equilibrium potential and K conductance can be measured. Which combination of values will create the largest outflow current flow
E
