Respiratory: Questions - 15.2 Pulmonary Ventilation

Question 1

Inspiration + Expiration =

Answer 1

One cycle of pulmonary ventilation.

Question 2

Pulmonary ventilation is commonly called:

Answer 2

Breathing

Question 3

Airflow into and out of the lungs is due to the differences in _____________ and the pressure in the lungs (intrapulmonary pressure).

Answer 3

Atmospheric pressure

Question 4

When atmospheric pressure is > intrapulmonary pressure :

Answer 4

Inspiration (inhalation occurs)

Question 5

When atmospheric pressure is < intrapulmonary pressure:

Answer 5

Expiration (exhalation occurs)

Question 6

A person breathes by changing the ________________pressure.

Answer 6

Intrapulmonary

Question 7

Boyle’s Law states: If the volume of a closed container increases, the pressure in the container will _______________.

Answer 7

Decrease

Question 8

Boyle’s Law states: If the volume of a closed container decreases, the pressure in the container will _______________.

Answer 8

Increase

Question 9

So if the volume of the thoracic cavity (thus lungs) increases the intrapulmonary pressure _______________.

Answer 9

Decreases

Question 10

If the volume of the thoracic cavity (thus lungs) decreases the intrapulmonary pressure _______________.

Answer 10

Increases

Question 11

he prime mover (principal muscle) of inspiration is the ___________________.

Answer 11

Diaphragm muscle.

Question 12

When the diaphragm relaxes, it pushes against the base of the ________________.

Answer 12

Lungs

Question 13

When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens out to increase the _____________________size.

Answer 13

When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens out to increase the _____________________size. Thoracic cavity

Question 14

When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic size increases and thus the intrapulmonary pressure _________________.

Answer 14

Decreases

Question 15

The external intercostals are synergist muscles that assist the diaphragm. They pull the _______ cage upward and the ________ upward. (Take a breath and feel what happens)

Answer 15

Rib, sternum

Question 16

Forced inspiration is active. Name at least two muscles that help raise the rib cage to create a bigger lung volume.

Answer 16

• Sternocleidomastoid

* Serratus anterior

Question 17

Normal quiet breathing (inspiration) is active. What two muscles are used?

Answer 17

• Diaphragm

* External intercostals

Question 18

Normal expiration is passive. What muscles are used?

Answer 18

None. Passive means no energy is used. Normal expiration is due to the elastic recoil of the lungs.

Question 19

What happens to the intrapulmonary pressure (pressure within the lungs) during quiet expiration?

Answer 19

It increases above atmospheric pressure thus forcing air out of the lungs.

Question 20

Force expiration is active. What muscles are used to make the lung volume smaller (decrease in size)?

Answer 20

• Internal intercostals

* The abdominal muscles (external & internal obliques, and transverse abdominis).

Question 21

Normal exhalation (expiration) is passive. What does that mean?

Answer 21

No energy is used; due to elastic recoil

Question 22

What changes in the body to cause inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 22

Change in the lung size (thoracic cavity size)

Question 23

The lung size is easy to change in the thoracic cavity since the ____________ is attached to the thoracic wall.

Answer 23

parietal pleura

Question 24

When the pressure in the lungs (intrapulmonary) is higher than the atmospheric pressure what happens?

Answer 24

Inhalation (inspiration)

Question 25

Muscles that raise the rib cage and sternum can increase the thoracic cavity size during forced inspiration. Name some of these muscles.

Answer 25

• Pectoralis minor
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Serratus anterior

Question 26

Name some muscles that cause forced expiration.

Answer 26

• Internal intercostals

* Abdominal muscles