Respiratory: Questions - 15.1 Functions and Anatomy Part 2

Question 1

What cartilage in the larynx is commonly called the “Adam’s apple”?

Answer 1

Thyroid cartilage

Question 2

The thyroid cartilage surrounds and anchors the _____________________.

Answer 2

Vocal cords

Question 3

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 3

To close off the airway when swallowing food or liquid.

Question 4

Where would one find the vocal cords?

Answer 4

Larynx

Question 5

What is the common name of the trachea?

Answer 5

“Windpipe”

Question 6

What special ciliated, mucus producing membrane that removes harmful debris and pathogens is found in the trachea?

Answer 6

Mucociliary escalator

Question 7

C-shaped rings are found in the __________ to prevent it from collapsing.

Answer 7

Trachea

Question 8

The trachea is anterior or posterior to the esophagus?

Answer 8

Anterior

Question 9

The open end of the C-shaped rings in the trachea lie next to the _________________ so a wad of food (called a bolus) can be easily swallowed.

Answer 9

Esophagus

Question 10

What partition separates the right lung from the left lung?

Answer 10

The mediastinum

Question 11

What respiratory structure is located in the mediastinum?

Answer 11

Trachea

Question 12

How many lobes on the right lung?

Answer 12

Three

Question 13

How many lobes on the left lung?

Answer 13

Two

Question 14

Why are there fewer lobes on the left lung?

Answer 14

Because the heart lies slightly to the left.

Question 15

The pleurae are found outside the lungs. What do the two serous membrane layers attach to?

Answer 15

• An outer layer that attaches to the rib
cage of the thoracic wall
• An inner layer that attaches to the
outside surface of each lung.

Question 16

The outer serous membrane layer of the lungs is called the:

Answer 16

Parietal pleura

Question 17

The inner serous membrane layer of the lungs is called the:

Answer 17

Visceral pleura

Question 18

What is cavity is found between the two serous membrane layers of the lungs?

Answer 18

The pleural cavity which contains pleural fluid.

Question 19

What is the function of pleural fluid?

Answer 19

Reduce friction as the lungs expand and contract.

Question 20

What is the function of the bronchial tree?

Answer 20

To cleanse, warm and humidify the air as it passes from the trachea to the alveoli.

Question 21

Bronchi contain cartilage in their walls.
True or False

Answer 21

True. The C-shaped rings become more like plates than rings as the bronchi get smaller.

Question 22

Bronchioles branch off of the smallest _______________.

Answer 22

bronchi

Question 23

Bronchioles have mainly ________________ in their walls and no cartilage.

Answer 23

Smooth muscle

Question 24

Bronchodilation occurs when the smooth muscle ____________.

Answer 24

Relaxes

Question 25

Bronchodilation ________________ the airways to the alveoli.

Answer 25

Opens

Question 26

Bronchoconstriction occurs when the smooth muscle ________.

Answer 26

Contracts

Question 27

Bronchoconstriction _______________ the airways to the alveoli.

Answer 27

Closes

Question 28

Bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction regulate_________.

Answer 28

Air flow to the alveoli.

Question 29

The gas exchange units that we learn in this class are called _____________.

Answer 29

Alveoli

Question 30

Glucose + Oxygen is used to make ______________.

Answer 30

ATP (energy)

Question 31

What organelles use glucose and oxygen to make ATP?

Answer 31

Mitochondria

Question 32

What cell in the alveolus allows diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Answer 32

Squamous alveolar

Question 33

What cell in the alveolus keeps the free of pathogens and cell debris?

Answer 33

Alveolar macrophage

Question 34

What cell in the alveolus secretes surfactant that prevents the alveolus from collapsing?

Answer 34

Great alveolar

Question 35

Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of capillaries called:

Answer 35

Pulmonary capillaries

Question 36

What makes up the respiratory membrane?

Answer 36

• Squamous alveolar cell
• Basement membrane
• Capillary endothelial cell