Respiratory: Questions - 15.1 Functions and Anatomy Part 2 Flashcards
What cartilage in the larynx is commonly called the “Adam’s apple”?
Thyroid cartilage
The thyroid cartilage surrounds and anchors the _____________________.
Vocal cords
What is the function of the epiglottis?
To close off the airway when swallowing food or liquid.
Where would one find the vocal cords?
Larynx
What is the common name of the trachea?
“Windpipe”
What special ciliated, mucus producing membrane that removes harmful debris and pathogens is found in the trachea?
Mucociliary escalator
C-shaped rings are found in the __________ to prevent it from collapsing.
Trachea
The trachea is anterior or posterior to the esophagus?
Anterior
The open end of the C-shaped rings in the trachea lie next to the _________________ so a wad of food (called a bolus) can be easily swallowed.
Esophagus
What partition separates the right lung from the left lung?
The mediastinum
What respiratory structure is located in the mediastinum?
Trachea
How many lobes on the right lung?
Three
How many lobes on the left lung?
Two
Why are there fewer lobes on the left lung?
Because the heart lies slightly to the left.
The pleurae are found outside the lungs. What do the two serous membrane layers attach to?
• An outer layer that attaches to the rib
cage of the thoracic wall
• An inner layer that attaches to the
outside surface of each lung.
The outer serous membrane layer of the lungs is called the:
Parietal pleura
The inner serous membrane layer of the lungs is called the:
Visceral pleura
What is cavity is found between the two serous membrane layers of the lungs?
The pleural cavity which contains pleural fluid.
What is the function of pleural fluid?
Reduce friction as the lungs expand and contract.
What is the function of the bronchial tree?
To cleanse, warm and humidify the air as it passes from the trachea to the alveoli.
Bronchi contain cartilage in their walls.
True or False
True. The C-shaped rings become more like plates than rings as the bronchi get smaller.
Bronchioles branch off of the smallest _______________.
bronchi
Bronchioles have mainly ________________ in their walls and no cartilage.
Smooth muscle
Bronchodilation occurs when the smooth muscle ____________.
Relaxes
Bronchodilation ________________ the airways to the alveoli.
Opens
Bronchoconstriction occurs when the smooth muscle ________.
Contracts
Bronchoconstriction _______________ the airways to the alveoli.
Closes
Bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction regulate_________.
Air flow to the alveoli.
The gas exchange units that we learn in this class are called _____________.
Alveoli
Glucose + Oxygen is used to make ______________.
ATP (energy)
What organelles use glucose and oxygen to make ATP?
Mitochondria
What cell in the alveolus allows diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Squamous alveolar
What cell in the alveolus keeps the free of pathogens and cell debris?
Alveolar macrophage
What cell in the alveolus secretes surfactant that prevents the alveolus from collapsing?
Great alveolar
Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of capillaries called:
Pulmonary capillaries
What makes up the respiratory membrane?
• Squamous alveolar cell
• Basement membrane
• Capillary endothelial cell
