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Bio 161: Basic A & P - 15 Respiratory System > Respiratory: Questions - 15.1 Functions and Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory: Questions - 15.1 Functions and Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

The goal of the respiratory system is to exchange gases. What two gases are exchange?

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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2
Q

The respiratory systems as well as the kidneys maintain the acid-base balance. What two letters represent the acid-base relationship?

A

pH

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3
Q

The respiratory system is responsible for inspiration (inhalation). What important substance is brought into the lungs during inspiration?

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

The respiratory system is responsible for expiration (exhalation). What important waste product is released into the atmosphere during expiration?

A

Carbon dioxide

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5
Q

What are the two major blood gases in respiration?

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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6
Q

The nose, pharynx (throat), and larynx (voicebox) are part of which respiratory tract?

A

The upper respiratory tract

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7
Q

The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli are part of which respiratory tract?

A

The lower respiratory tract

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8
Q

What is the function of the guard hairs of the nares?

A

Prevent large particles or tiny insects from entering the nasal cavity.

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9
Q

What structures are in the upper respiratory tract?

A

• Nasal cavity
• Pharynx
• Larynx

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10
Q

What structures are in the lower respiratory tract?

A

• Trachea
• Main bronchi
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli

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11
Q

What respiratory structures are in the thoracic cavity?

A

• Trachea (inferior portion)
• Main bronchi
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli

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12
Q

What divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves?

A

The nasal septum

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13
Q

The oral cavity is separated from the nasal cavity by the ________________.

A

palate

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14
Q

The nasal cavity is lined with a mucous membrane made of what type of epithelial cells?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a mucous membrane?

A

To warm, humidify and cleanse the incoming air of most of its debris (dust, pollen, etc.)

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16
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has special cells called goblet cells that secrete mucus. What is the purpose of mucus in the respiratory tract?

A

To trap debris and pathogens.

17
Q

Pseudostratified columnar cells contain cilia. What is the purpose of cilia?

A

To move the mucus towards the stomach so trapped particles can be destroyed and eliminated.

18
Q

Sinuses drain into the nasal cavity. What is a sinus?

A

A cavity in a bone.

19
Q

What lines the sinuses that drain into the nose?

A

Mucous membranes

20
Q

The pharynx is commonly called the _______________.

A

Throat

21
Q

Name the three regions of the pharynx.

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx.
22
Q

What region of the pharynx is superior to the soft palate and serves as a passageway for air only?

A

Nasopharynx

23
Q

Which region of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsil, that is detects foreign pathogens and alerts the immune system.

A

Nasopharynx

24
Q

The auditory (Eustachian) tube connects to which region of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx

25
Q

What is the relationship of otitis media to the nasopharynx?

A

Otitis media due to auditory tube that drains into the nasopharynx.

26
Q

When you say “Ahhh!” at the doctor’s office, what part of the pharynx is being looked at?

A

Oropharynx

27
Q

What regions of the pharynx serves as a passageway for both food and air?

A

Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx

28
Q

What region of the pharynx connects with the larynx and esophagus?

A

Laryngopharynx

29
Q

Name the regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior.

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

30
Q

Name the regions of the pharynx from inferior to superior.

A

Layrngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx

31
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the laryngopharynx and oropharynx?

A

Stratified squamous because they transport food also.

32
Q

The larynx is commonly called the ______________.

A

Voice box

33
Q

What are the two functions of the larynx?

A

• Prevent food & liquids from entering the
airway.
• Sound production

Bio 161: Basic A & P - 15 Respiratory System (9 decks)

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