Respiratory: Questions - 15.1 Functions and Anatomy Flashcards
The goal of the respiratory system is to exchange gases. What two gases are exchange?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The respiratory systems as well as the kidneys maintain the acid-base balance. What two letters represent the acid-base relationship?
pH
The respiratory system is responsible for inspiration (inhalation). What important substance is brought into the lungs during inspiration?
Oxygen
The respiratory system is responsible for expiration (exhalation). What important waste product is released into the atmosphere during expiration?
Carbon dioxide
What are the two major blood gases in respiration?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The nose, pharynx (throat), and larynx (voicebox) are part of which respiratory tract?
The upper respiratory tract
The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli are part of which respiratory tract?
The lower respiratory tract
What is the function of the guard hairs of the nares?
Prevent large particles or tiny insects from entering the nasal cavity.
What structures are in the upper respiratory tract?
• Nasal cavity
• Pharynx
• Larynx
What structures are in the lower respiratory tract?
• Trachea
• Main bronchi
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
What respiratory structures are in the thoracic cavity?
• Trachea (inferior portion)
• Main bronchi
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
What divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves?
The nasal septum
The oral cavity is separated from the nasal cavity by the ________________.
palate
The nasal cavity is lined with a mucous membrane made of what type of epithelial cells?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What is the purpose of a mucous membrane?
To warm, humidify and cleanse the incoming air of most of its debris (dust, pollen, etc.)
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has special cells called goblet cells that secrete mucus. What is the purpose of mucus in the respiratory tract?
To trap debris and pathogens.
Pseudostratified columnar cells contain cilia. What is the purpose of cilia?
To move the mucus towards the stomach so trapped particles can be destroyed and eliminated.
Sinuses drain into the nasal cavity. What is a sinus?
A cavity in a bone.
What lines the sinuses that drain into the nose?
Mucous membranes
The pharynx is commonly called the _______________.
Throat
Name the three regions of the pharynx.
- Nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx.
What region of the pharynx is superior to the soft palate and serves as a passageway for air only?
Nasopharynx
Which region of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsil, that is detects foreign pathogens and alerts the immune system.
Nasopharynx
The auditory (Eustachian) tube connects to which region of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
What is the relationship of otitis media to the nasopharynx?
Otitis media due to auditory tube that drains into the nasopharynx.
When you say “Ahhh!” at the doctor’s office, what part of the pharynx is being looked at?
Oropharynx
What regions of the pharynx serves as a passageway for both food and air?
Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx
What region of the pharynx connects with the larynx and esophagus?
Laryngopharynx
Name the regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior.
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Name the regions of the pharynx from inferior to superior.
Layrngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
What type of epithelium is found in the laryngopharynx and oropharynx?
Stratified squamous because they transport food also.
The larynx is commonly called the ______________.
Voice box
What are the two functions of the larynx?
• Prevent food & liquids from entering the
airway.
• Sound production
