Respiratory: Definitions - 15.1 Functions and Anatomy (A - M)

Question 1

Alveolar macrophages

Answer 1

Macrophages located in the air sacs in the lungs.

Question 2

Alveoli

Answer 2

Air sacs in the lungs. Each alveolus is surrounded by pulmonary capillaries.

Question 3

Auditory (Eustachian) Tube

Answer 3

The tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx.

Question 4

Basement membrane

Answer 4

A very thin sticky membrane that connects epithelium to other tissues.

Question 5

Blood capillaries

Answer 5

The smallest (very narrow) blood vessels responsible for exchange of nutrients, blood gases, and wastes.

Question 6

Mediastinum

Answer 6

A compartment in the thoracic cavity located between the two lungs. The heart, great vessels of the heart, esophagus, and trachea are found in the mediastinum.

Question 7

Bronchiole

Answer 7

Small passageways in the lungs. Contain smooth muscle in their walls and small cartilages.

Question 8

Bronchus

Answer 8

A relatively large air passageway in the respiratory tract. Contains large cartilages in the wall.

Question 9

Bronchial tree

Answer 9

A series of branching airways from the trachea to the gas exchange areas called alveoli.

Question 10

Bronchoconstriction

Answer 10

Narrowing (decreasing the size) of the lumen of the bronchioles.

Question 11

Bronchodilation

Answer 11

Increasing of the size of the lumen of the bronchioles.

Question 12

Cartilage

Answer 12

A type of connective tissue that is somewhat flexible.

Question 13

Cilia

Answer 13

Structures found on the outside of cells that are small and wave to move substances. Can also be nonmotile and serving as a sensory receptor.

Question 14

Conchae

Answer 14

Any of the three bony plates which are located on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Superior, middle and inferior.

Question 15

Epiglottis

Answer 15

Cartilage in the larynx that forms a flap to prevent liquids and solids from entering the respiratory tract when swallowing.

Question 16

Gas exchange

Answer 16

Oxygen and Carbon dioxide exchange places.

Question 17

Great alveolar cell

Answer 17

Cells in the alveoli that secrete a lipid called surfactant that prevents alveoli from collapsing and sticking.

Question 18

Hard palate

Answer 18

The “roof” of the mouth, separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity.

Question 19

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 19

Contains the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Based on clinical microbes that cause disease.

Question 20

Laryngopharnx

Answer 20

The inferior portion of the larynx.

Question 21

Lingual Tonsils

Answer 21

Lymphatic tissue that is located on both sides of the root of the tongue.

Question 22

Larynx

Answer 22

Part of the upper respiratory tract. Also called the voice box.

Question 23

Macrophage

Answer 23

A monocyte that has traveled to a tissue. Some macrophages actually reside in specific tissues such as lymph nodes, alveoli,..

Question 24

Mediastinum

Answer 24

The middle cavity in the thoracic cavity, that contains the heart, the larger arteries and veins, esophagus and trachea.

Question 25

Mucous Membrane

Answer 25

A membrane that contains mucous cells with cilia.

Question 26

Mucus

Answer 26

A slimy, sticky substance secreted by goblet cells. Function is to trap foreign particles to help remove them from the body.

Question 27

Mucociliary Escalator

Answer 27

Found in the trachea, main bronchi and bronchioles. Job is to trap debris in mucus and remove it from the lungs.