Respiratory Physiology 5 Flashcards
how are breathing movement
Breathing movements are not spontaneous
What is neural input to ventilation
skeletal muscle which controls breathing require neural input. Neural input can be involuntary and voluntary
what helps maintain ventilatory homeostasis
chemo receptive inputs monitor plasma and cerebral spinal fluid composition to maintain ventilatory homeostasis
where are the main points for breathing
the central pattern generator is in the brain stem under the hypothamsulus , external environment sensor integration and chemo sensitive input all put input into the brain stem for breathing influences breathing
some reponses do not go throigh the central pattern generator
some reponses do not go throigh the central pattern generator: muscle of the respiratory system and chest wall diagram and conducting airways
where are all the things
the central pattern generator is in the brain stem under the hypothamsulus , external environment sensor integration and chemo sensitive input all put input into the brain stem for breathing influences breathing
dorsal respiratory group
inspiratory control , located within the nucleus tractus slotarius and is dorsal to the VRG , site of sesnory information input , site of central cehmoreceptor input , some premotor neurons
what is rostral
rostral - expiration control (Botzinger complex)
what is intermediate
intermediate - inspiration control mediated through pre botzinger complex thought to be the respiratory pattern generator
what is caudal
caudal - expiration control
what is cranial motorneurons are importnat
cranial motorneurons are important for opening / closing glottis affecting upper airways diameter falling nostrils
what does motorneurons controlling do
Motorneurons controlling direct muscle of inspiration and expiration are therefore not the only ones active during breathing
what is respiratory rhythm generator
respiratory rhythm generator is a network of interneurons that produce a predictable and repetitive motor pattern. it must be activated before expiratory neurons
what are the properties of RRG
RRG always active even in the absence of conscious input , transmit in an orderly sequence to respiratory muscle and respond to inputs from other parts of the brain
the three phases of breathing cycle
the three phases of breathing cycle inspiration , post inspiration and late expiration
the 6 types of neuronal discharge
the 6 types of neuronal discharge is pre I , early I , I , late I , Early E , E
what does pre I neuronal event
pre-I neurons inhibit the expiratory neural circuit allowing expiratory muscles relax
What does early I neuronal event
Early I neurons inhibit output from entire RRG allowing a refractory period no breathing movement
I neurons neuronal event
I neurons ramp fire. As frequency increases so more I neurons contribute. activate motorneuron circuit to inspiratory muscle and inhibit E and Pre-I neural circuits. Inspiratory muscle contract as intensity of I firing increases Exp muscle relaxed
Late I neuronal event
Late I neurons feed back to supress I neuronal firing when a peak intensity may involve stretch receptors input. inspiratory muscle relax and lungs begins to deflate due to elastic recoil
Early E neuronal event
early E neurons repress all I E neuronal firing. creastes refractory perois at peak inhalation. muscles relax and lung begins to deflate by elastic recoil
E neuron neuronal event
E neurons ramp fire. Activate motoneuron circuit to expiratory muscle. major point of conscious input into breathing. Expiratory muscle contract as E firing intensity increases inspiration muscle relaxed
peripheral cehmoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors carotid body and aortic bodies along with neuoepithelial bodies
how chnage the type of ventilation
how change type of ventilation - during normal breathing can look how the number of action potentials that travel the phrenic nerve which causes diagram to contract and drives inhalation
if there is an increase in tidal volume
increase action potential
increase action potentials per burst gives stronger contraction and stronger tidal volume
