Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Question 1

Axial

Answer 1

Axial is axis of the skeleton ~ skull vertebrae ribs and sternum

Question 2

Appendicular

Answer 2

Appendicular is the appendages ~ limbs

Question 3

What is osteon

Answer 3

osteon consists of concentric layers of bone with a central haversian canal which contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 4

what is lucunae

Answer 4

between the lamellae are tiny spaces known as lacunace - within each lacuna is an osteocyte

Question 5

what are the cytoplasmic processes

Answer 5

osteocytes in their lacunae are surronded by bone matrix. they have cytoplasmic processes which extend from their cell bodies and are contained in tiny canals

Question 6

what do neighbouring osteocytes

Answer 6

these processes are in contact with the processes of neighbouring osteocytes which enables nutrients and oxygen to pass from the central vells in the Haversian canal all the way to the osteocytes in the outermost cocnetric lamella

Question 7

How does Fracture repair work

Answer 7

the steps of fracture repair are 1. fracture occurs 2. haematoma starts at the site 3. callus is built around this site that is more like cartilage than bone 4. bone is made

Question 8

Elbow Joint

Answer 8

The elbow joint is a synovial hinge joint that can only flex and extend. The ligaments on the medial and lateral sides of the joint prevent movement in other directions (abduction and adduction)

Question 9

Knee Joint

Answer 9

Because the shape of the inferior end of the femur and the superior end of the tibia do not ‘fit’ particularly well together(i.e. low congruency), they do not confer much stability, so the ligaments are very important for stability of the joint

Question 10

Intervertebral Joint Ligament

Answer 10

Unlike other ligaments,which are largely stiffin elastic structures, the ligamentum flavum has a high content of elastin fibres