Lung Workshop

Question 1

what is a spirograph

Answer 1

Found out static volumes using a spirograph
It measured breathing volumes at rest
Is not portable but can be used to make physiological measurements

Question 2

what is a vitalograph

Answer 2

Forced exhale gas by a vitalograph
Measured peak gas flow on a maximal exhalation
Portable and used for clinical monitoring

Question 3

what is resting tidal volume

Answer 3

Resting tidal volume - this is when at rest and half a litre of gas will be exchanged into the lungs

Question 4

what is expiratory reverse volume

Answer 4

Expiratory reverse volume - if you exhale as far as you can go
This is the amount of gas in your lungs and airways that can be exhaled on a maximum exploration at the end of the resting tidal volume

Question 5

what is inspiratory reverse volume

Answer 5

At the end of a peak tidal volume and you inhale as much as you can this is the inspiratory reserve volume

Question 6

what is the vital capacity

Answer 6

If you exhale as much as you can you will be expelling both your inspiratory reverse volume but also the expiratory reverse volume - this is known as vital capacity
Vital capacity is from the peak inspiratory reverse to an end tidal exploration is the inspiratory capacity
The amount you can take into your lungs from an end tidal inspiration

Question 7

what is function residual capacity

Answer 7

Function residual capacity is the volume between an end tidal exploration and the absolute volume of your airways

Question 8

what is residual volume

Answer 8

The residual volume is the gap between expiratiory reserved volume and the absolute volume and is the amount of gas in the non conducting airways in the repsiatory venous where the alveolis are and is not conducted through the tubes of the airway

Question 9

what is respiratory dead space

Answer 9

Respiratory dead space is the part of the lung that do not participate in gas exchange
~ nose , mouth , trachea , conducting airways and alveolar areas affected by disease

Question 10

what is the calculation for Functional residual capacity

Answer 10

FRC = V1 (C1 - C2) / C2

Question 11

What is helium inhalation method

Answer 11

This is when a patient is hooked up to a known volume and concentration of helium, once the tube for breathing is opened and the person breaths (at an end tidal expiration) in the helium and using the concentration of the helium afterwards you can work out the Functional residual capacity
Helium is used as it is insoluble in blood so little is lost

Question 12

what is dead space important

Answer 12

Dead space respiratory It is affects respiratory acid base balance by influencing CO2 clearance
It affects the amount of work associated with breathing
And determines how efficiently the alveoli are ventilated

Question 13

Oxygen inhalation method
Step by Step

Answer 13

Oxygen inhalation method
Single inspiration of pure oxygen
O2 will mix with gas in lung that we known will be composed of 75% N2
O2 inhalation flushes N2 from anatomical dead space areas
As subject exhales breath is initially O2 (anatomical dead space) but eventually equilibrates to teh mixed N2/02 concentration in the lung

Question 14

Oxygen inhalation method
graph

Answer 14

The oxygen inhalation method can be plotted out by the amount of nitrogen of expired air and volume of expired air
And we get a sigmoidal plot
The dead space is when it is at 50 percentage mixing space of nitrogen and pure oxygen

Question 15

how to measure lung function using a vitalograph

Answer 15

for a vitalograph you need the maximum inhalation then exhale as hard and fast as possible
which has Forced vital capacity , Forced expiratory volume in one second

Question 16

Obstructive Lung diease

Answer 16

when you have obstructive disease there will be a smaller FEV and FEV so the FEV is 40% rather than 80%