Exercise Physiology

Question 1

what does exercise do homeostasis and body systems

Answer 1

Exercise disrupts homeostasis and often requires prolonged coordination among most body systems (such as muscular skeletal and nervous stem)

Question 2

what changes with maximal exercise

Answer 2

With exercise heart rate , stroke volume , cardiac output, systolic pressure decreases but diastolic pressure decreases

Question 3

Cardiac output during excerise

Answer 3

CO increases in proportion to work load
CO = HR X SV

Question 4

what controls of heart rate

Answer 4

Control of heart rate is coordinated by cardiovascular control centre in the brain stem

Question 5

why does heart rate increase

Answer 5

immediate response to exercise is Heart rate increases to deliver more oxygenated blood to the exercising muscle

Question 6

why happens when regualr excerise

Answer 6

the heart long-term adaptation to a regular exercise programme increases strength and efficiency

Question 7

What is stroke volume

Answer 7

control of stroke volume by intrinsic and extrinsic control
Intrinsic : muscular contraction compress veins and vasoconstriction
Extrinsic : sympathetic stimulation and adrenaline

Question 8

how does stroke volume increase

Answer 8

Increase venous return increases end diastolic volume and increase in strength of cardiac contraction which increases stroke volume

Question 9

what does increase sympathetic activity

Answer 9

increase sympathetic activity increases venous return and strength of cardiac contraction

Question 10

what does the AV node do

Answer 10

AV node ensure that there is enough time to fill the heart with blood as it stops the action potential to help keep the pace of the heart

Question 11

How ventricualr volume chnages at increase heart rate

Answer 11

with increased heart rate decreases the time for a heart beep. Normal heart rate has a rapid reduced fillings and increase caused by atrial contraction

Question 12

change of body systems energy taking when exercising

Answer 12

most body systems’ energy decreases during exercise as not important except the brain which always needs a specific amount and skeletal muscle increases because of the movement

Question 13

how PO2 PCO2 H+ muscle temeprature chnages in excerise

Answer 13

exercise causes PO2 fall , PCO2 increases, H+ increases and muscle temperature rises

Question 14

what does PO2 PCO2 H+ cause

Answer 14

PO2 PCO2 H+ and muscle temperature lead to metabolic hyperaemia

Question 15

PO2 PCO2 H+ controls override what

Answer 15

PO2 PCO2 H+ controls override generalised sympathetic vasoconstriction

Question 16

PO2 PCO2 H+ are reinforced by what

Answer 16

PO2 PCO2 H+ are reinforced by the vasodilatory effects of adrenaline

Question 17

metabolic hyperaemia

Answer 17

increase in oxygen needs , increases blood flow, which causes vasodilation of coronary vessels leading to increase adenosine which increases metabolic activity of cardiac muscle cells

Question 18

blood pressure during exercise

Answer 18

during exercise systolic pressure greatly increases and diastolic blood pressure stays the same or decreases

Question 19

calculation of TPR

Answer 19

resistance inversely proportional to r4
blood pressure is proportional to TPR

Question 20

how does the body meet metabolic demands

Answer 20

to meet the metabolic demands of the skeletal muscle there is a large drop in TPR brought about by the vasodilation of the arterioles supplying the working muscles

Question 21

why does DBP and SBP increase or drop
what is the overall effect

Answer 21

diastolic BP drops due to decreased TPR
Systolic BP is increased due to increased CO
the overall effect is a marginal increase MABP

Question 22

ventilation increase during excerise

Answer 22

ventilation VE, VO2 , VCO2 increases during exercises

Question 23

oxygen deficit

Answer 23

oxygen uptake during exercise is steady amount but it increases until it reaches this steady rate
oxygen deficit is the difference between oxygen uptake in the first few minutes and the point it reaches a steady state (lag phase)

Question 24

what is oxygen debt

Answer 24

once exercise stops recovery phase occurs which is oxygen debt to combat this oxygen is consumed above the resting state. this is metabolic rate increases heart and increases ventilation

Question 25

increasing rate of external work

Answer 25

VE increases disproportionately to VO2, while VO2 exactly matches workload until VO2 max

Question 26

what happens excerise

Answer 26

In serve exercise lactic acid produced
H+ stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors
Ventilation excessively stimulated

Question 27

ventilation

Answer 27

CO2 excessively blown off - VCO2 exceeds VO2

Question 28

what happens to arterial PO2 and PCO2

Answer 28

Arterial PO2 and Aterial PCO2 do not change

Question 29

what does Slight decline in arterial PCO2 during heavy exercise do

Answer 29

Slight decline in arterial PCO2 during heavy exercise + ventilation increases abruptly at the onset of exercise long before changes in arterial blood gases can influence the respiratory centre

Question 30

factors the may increase ventilation during exercise

Answer 30

reflexes originating from body movement
increase in body temperature
adrenaline release
impulses from the cerebral cortex

Question 31

what does excise physiologists

Answer 31

VO2 max measurements to prescribe or adjust training programmes to help individuals achieve their optimal level of aerobic conditioning

Question 32

what happens to surface are aduring excerise

Answer 32

during excerise the surface area for exchange can be increase to enhance the rate of gas transfer

Question 33

what does increase CO do

Answer 33

increase CO increases pulmonary Blood pressure which forces open capillaries

Question 34

why are alveolar membranes are stretched

Answer 34

alveolar membranes are stretched due to larger tidal volume
Ve = TV x Rf