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Triad Subjects > Respiratory Physio > Flashcards

Respiratory Physio Flashcards

1
Q

main muscle of inspiration

A

diaphragm

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2
Q

muscles of inspiration

A

diaphragm

ext intercostal

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3
Q

accessory muscles of inspiration

A

serratus anterior
scalene
scm

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4
Q

accessory muscles of expiration

A

rectus abdominis

internal intercostal

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5
Q

abdomen is sucked in while accessory muscles of inspiration are contracting

A

paradoxical breathing

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6
Q

indicator of impending respiratory failure

A

paradoxical breathing

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7
Q

difference in alveolar and pleural pressure

A

transpulmonary pressure

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8
Q

pressure of fluid in the space between parietal and visceral pleura

A

pleural pressure

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9
Q

pressure inside alveoli

A

alveolar pressure

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10
Q

negative intrapleural pressure

A

created by movement of diaphragm downward and chest wall outward. the driving force of inspiration

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11
Q

driving force of expiration

A

increase in intrapleural pressure, by movement of diaphragm upward and chest wall inward

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12
Q

normal compliance

A

200ml/cm H20

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13
Q

measure of lung distensibility/how lung accommodate air

A

compliance

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14
Q

defined as the change in volume required for a fractional change of pulmonary pressure

A

compliance

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15
Q

property of lung that makes it resistant to deformation

A

elastance

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16
Q

defined as the pressure required for a fractional change im lung volume

A

pulmonary elastance

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17
Q

increased compliance

reduced elastance

A

obstructive lung disease

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18
Q

increased elastance

decreased compliance

A

restrictive LD

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19
Q

created by the attractive forces between water molecules

A

surface tension

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20
Q

complex phospholipid secreted by type 2 pneumocytes

minimizes the interaction between alveolar fluid and alveolar air

A

surfactant

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21
Q

reduces the compliance resistance work of the lung

A

surfactant

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22
Q

characterized by small alveoli+ increased surface tension+ elevates collapsing pressure on baby born <34 wks

A

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

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23
Q

work of breathing required to overcome resistance in airway

A

airway resistance 25%

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24
Q

work of breathing required to expand lung against chest recoil forces

A

compliance/resistance 75%

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25
Q

work of breathing required to overcome viscosity of lung and chest wall structure

A

tissue resistance

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26
Q

states that the longer the airway, the higher the resistance

A

poiseuille’s law

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27
Q

area of highest airway resistance

A

medium sized bronchi

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28
Q

airway resistance in large airways

A

large airways are arranged in SERIES= resistance is additive

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29
Q

airway resistance in small airways

A

small airways are arranged in PARALLEL= decreased resistance

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30
Q

volume of air inspired with EACH normal breath

A

tidal volume

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31
Q

normal tidal volume

A

500ml

32
Q

volume inspired over and above the tidal volume

the maximum volume that can be inspired beyond a normal TV

A

inspiratory reserve volume

33
Q

normal IRV

A

3000 ml

34
Q

the volume that can be EXPIRED after EXPIRATION of TV

the maximum volume that can be expired after a normal tidal expiration

A

Expiratory reserve volume

35
Q

normal ERV

A

1,100ml

36
Q

volume remaining in lungs after maximal expiration

A

residual volume

37
Q

normal RV

A

1,200

38
Q

TV + IRV

A

inspiratory capacity

39
Q

normal IRV

A

3500

40
Q

ERV + RV

A

functional residual capacity

41
Q

normal ERV

A

2300 ml

42
Q

maximum volume of air expired after maximal inspiration

A

vital capacity

43
Q

tv+ IRV + erv

A

vital capacity

44
Q

normal vc

A

4,600

45
Q

maximum volume of air in lungs after maximal inspiration

A

total lung capacity

46
Q

TV+irv+ erv+ rv

A

total lung capacity

47
Q

maximum amount of air that can be exhaled in 1 second after a maximal inspiration

A

fev1

48
Q

normal fev1/fvr ratio

A

80%

meaning: able to exhale 80% of what was inhaled on the 1st second of exhalation

49
Q

fev1/fvc ratio in copd

A

decreased

50
Q

fev1/fvc ratio in restrictive LD

A

increased

51
Q

blood supply to lungs

A

bronchial artery

pulmonary artery

52
Q

branch of thoracic aorta
high pressure,low flow
supply the conducting zone

A

bronchial arteries

53
Q

low pressure,high flow

receive 100% of cardiac output

A

pulmonary artery

54
Q

portion of lungs that are ventilated but no gas exchange

A

pulmonary dead space

55
Q

3 types of pulmonary dead space

A

anatomic
alveolar
physiologic

56
Q

volume of air in conducting airways not involved in gas exchange

A

anatomic dead space
150 ml
nose to terminal bronchiole

57
Q

ventilated alveoli but not perfused

A

alveolar dead space

58
Q

sum of anatomic and alveolar dead space

A

physiologic dead space

59
Q

anatomic dead space is INCREASED during?

A

mechanical ventilation

ET will shorten the dead space but the tubings in MV will increase dead space

60
Q

zone of lung that has no blood flow during cardiac cycle

A

zone 1
lung apices
seen in pathologic conditions only

61
Q

zone with intermittent blood flow during cardiac cycle, no blood flow during diastole

A

zone 2

in upper 2/3 of lungs

62
Q

zone with continuous blood flow

A

zone 3

63
Q

formula of minute ventilation

A

rr x tv

normal: 6L/min

64
Q

amount of air that moves into respiratory passages per minute

A

minute ventilation

65
Q

rate at which new air must reach the gas exchange area

A

alveolar ventilation

66
Q

DLCO

A

uses carbon monoxide

67
Q

V/Q at rest

A

0.8

68
Q

v/q of lung apex

A

3.3

lung apex is underperfused and overventilated

69
Q

v/q of lung base

A

0.6

overperfused but underventilated

70
Q

controls basic rhythm of respiration/ inspiration

A

dorsal respiratory group

71
Q

stimulates expiratory muscles as in forced expiration

A

ventral RG

72
Q

inhibits inspiration

A

pneumotaxic center

73
Q

increase duration of inspiration

A

apneustic center

74
Q

group of nerve terminals sensitive to changes in ph, paO2, paCO2

A

chemoreceptors

75
Q

stimulate hyperventilation in response to increased paCO2 amd decreased ph

A

central chemoreceptor

76
Q

responds to ph, paco2, paO2

A

peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies

77
Q

airway distention– further inhibit inspiration

A

hering breuer reflex

Triad Subjects (8 decks)

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