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Respiratory Physio Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

main muscle of inspiration

A

diaphragm

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2
Q

muscles of inspiration

A

diaphragm

ext intercostal

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3
Q

accessory muscles of inspiration

A

serratus anterior
scalene
scm

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4
Q

accessory muscles of expiration

A

rectus abdominis

internal intercostal

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5
Q

abdomen is sucked in while accessory muscles of inspiration are contracting

A

paradoxical breathing

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6
Q

indicator of impending respiratory failure

A

paradoxical breathing

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7
Q

difference in alveolar and pleural pressure

A

transpulmonary pressure

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8
Q

pressure of fluid in the space between parietal and visceral pleura

A

pleural pressure

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9
Q

pressure inside alveoli

A

alveolar pressure

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10
Q

negative intrapleural pressure

A

created by movement of diaphragm downward and chest wall outward. the driving force of inspiration

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11
Q

driving force of expiration

A

increase in intrapleural pressure, by movement of diaphragm upward and chest wall inward

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12
Q

normal compliance

A

200ml/cm H20

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13
Q

measure of lung distensibility/how lung accommodate air

A

compliance

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14
Q

defined as the change in volume required for a fractional change of pulmonary pressure

A

compliance

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15
Q

property of lung that makes it resistant to deformation

A

elastance

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16
Q

defined as the pressure required for a fractional change im lung volume

A

pulmonary elastance

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17
Q

increased compliance

reduced elastance

A

obstructive lung disease

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18
Q

increased elastance

decreased compliance

A

restrictive LD

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19
Q

created by the attractive forces between water molecules

A

surface tension

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20
Q

complex phospholipid secreted by type 2 pneumocytes

minimizes the interaction between alveolar fluid and alveolar air

A

surfactant

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21
Q

reduces the compliance resistance work of the lung

A

surfactant

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22
Q

characterized by small alveoli+ increased surface tension+ elevates collapsing pressure on baby born <34 wks

A

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

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23
Q

work of breathing required to overcome resistance in airway

A

airway resistance 25%

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24
Q

work of breathing required to expand lung against chest recoil forces

A

compliance/resistance 75%

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25
work of breathing required to overcome viscosity of lung and chest wall structure
tissue resistance
26
states that the longer the airway, the higher the resistance
poiseuille's law
27
area of highest airway resistance
medium sized bronchi
28
airway resistance in large airways
large airways are arranged in SERIES= resistance is additive
29
airway resistance in small airways
small airways are arranged in PARALLEL= decreased resistance
30
volume of air inspired with EACH normal breath
tidal volume
31
normal tidal volume
500ml
32
volume inspired over and above the tidal volume | the maximum volume that can be inspired beyond a normal TV
inspiratory reserve volume
33
normal IRV
3000 ml
34
the volume that can be EXPIRED after EXPIRATION of TV | the maximum volume that can be expired after a normal tidal expiration
Expiratory reserve volume
35
normal ERV
1,100ml
36
volume remaining in lungs after maximal expiration
residual volume
37
normal RV
1,200
38
TV + IRV
inspiratory capacity
39
normal IRV
3500
40
ERV + RV
functional residual capacity
41
normal ERV
2300 ml
42
maximum volume of air expired after maximal inspiration
vital capacity
43
tv+ IRV + erv
vital capacity
44
normal vc
4,600
45
maximum volume of air in lungs after maximal inspiration
total lung capacity
46
TV+irv+ erv+ rv
total lung capacity
47
maximum amount of air that can be exhaled in 1 second after a maximal inspiration
fev1
48
normal fev1/fvr ratio
80% | meaning: able to exhale 80% of what was inhaled on the 1st second of exhalation
49
fev1/fvc ratio in copd
decreased
50
fev1/fvc ratio in restrictive LD
increased
51
blood supply to lungs
bronchial artery | pulmonary artery
52
branch of thoracic aorta high pressure,low flow supply the conducting zone
bronchial arteries
53
low pressure,high flow | receive 100% of cardiac output
pulmonary artery
54
portion of lungs that are ventilated but no gas exchange
pulmonary dead space
55
3 types of pulmonary dead space
anatomic alveolar physiologic
56
volume of air in conducting airways not involved in gas exchange
anatomic dead space 150 ml nose to terminal bronchiole
57
ventilated alveoli but not perfused
alveolar dead space
58
sum of anatomic and alveolar dead space
physiologic dead space
59
anatomic dead space is INCREASED during?
mechanical ventilation | ET will shorten the dead space but the tubings in MV will increase dead space
60
zone of lung that has no blood flow during cardiac cycle
zone 1 lung apices seen in pathologic conditions only
61
zone with intermittent blood flow during cardiac cycle, no blood flow during diastole
zone 2 | in upper 2/3 of lungs
62
zone with continuous blood flow
zone 3
63
formula of minute ventilation
rr x tv | normal: 6L/min
64
amount of air that moves into respiratory passages per minute
minute ventilation
65
rate at which new air must reach the gas exchange area
alveolar ventilation
66
DLCO
uses carbon monoxide
67
V/Q at rest
0.8
68
v/q of lung apex
3.3 | lung apex is underperfused and overventilated
69
v/q of lung base
0.6 | overperfused but underventilated
70
controls basic rhythm of respiration/ inspiration
dorsal respiratory group
71
stimulates expiratory muscles as in forced expiration
ventral RG
72
inhibits inspiration
pneumotaxic center
73
increase duration of inspiration
apneustic center
74
group of nerve terminals sensitive to changes in ph, paO2, paCO2
chemoreceptors
75
stimulate hyperventilation in response to increased paCO2 amd decreased ph
central chemoreceptor
76
responds to ph, paco2, paO2
peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies
77
airway distention-- further inhibit inspiration
hering breuer reflex

Triad Subjects (8 decks)

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