Cell Flashcards
Smallest unit of protoplasm capable of independent existence
Cell
Aka plasmalemma
Cell membrane
Made up of trilaminar structure
Cell membrane
Antiphagocytic property of cell
Capsule
Protection against osmotic pressure
Cell wall
Acts as a permeability barrier
Cell membrane
Responsible for cellular form and permeability
Phospholipids
Acts as receptors,ion pumps and enzymes
Proteins
States that the membrane proteins are globular and float like iceberg in a sea of lipid
Fluid mosaic model of singer and nicholson
Composition of lipid bilayer
Phospholipid
Glycolipid
Cholesterol
Extrinsic protein that is defective in hereditary spherocytosis
Spectrin
Confers antibiotic resistance and encodes for exotoxin
Plasmid
For attachment and conjugation
Pili
“Pilit”
Dynamic structure of the cytoskeleton
Microtubule
Functions of microtubules
Movement within the cell
Cell shape
Beating of cilia and flagella
Contains organelles and inclusions suspended in a fluid medium called cytosol
Cytoplasm
Glycoproteins and polysaccharide covering the external surface of the cell membrane
Glycocalyx
Most important function of glycocalyx
Histocompatibility
Properties of organelles
Metabolically active
Carry out specific essential functions
Essential
Bound by a membrane
Properties of inclusions
Metabolically inert
Accumulation of cell products
Dispensable
Not bounded by a membrane
Properties of eukaryotic cell
True nucleus w/nuclear membrane Linear DNA and RNA G and S phase in cell cycle Mitochondria and organelles 80s ribosome (60 and 40s)
Largest organelle of the cell
Nucleus
Contains the genetic material of the organism
Nucleus
Components of nucleus
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear membrane
Site of DNA replication and transcription
Nucleus
Site of ribosomal RNA production
Nucleolus
Complex of DNA, histones and non histones proteins
Chromatin
Type of chromatin that is condensed,inactive and dark
Heterochromatin
Type of chromatin which is active, dispersed and light
Euchromatin
Barr body
Heterochromatin
States that all but 1 X is inactivated
Lyon hypothesis
Klinefelter syndrome has how many barr bodies?
1
Non disjunction of x chromosome during meiosis resulting in 47 xxy
Klinefelter syndrome
Intracellular digestive system
Lysosome
Aka microbodies
Peroxisomes
Rod/sausage shaped organelle
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of cell
Mitochondria
Site of ATP synthesis
Mitochondria
Principal biochemical activity of mitochondria
Oxidative phosphorylation
Site of oxidative phosphorylation
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Membranous organelle that contains no ribosomes
Smooth ER
Synthesis of cell membrane phospholipids
Smooth ER
Synthesis of steroid hormone
Smooth ER
Site of drug and alcohol detoxification
Smooth ER
Site of fatty acid elongation/synthesis
Smooth ER
Participate in calcium fluxes associated with muscle contraction
Smooth ER
Site of protein synthesis
Rough ER
Outer nuclear membrane is continuous with:
Rough ER
Site of synthesis of secretory, membrane proteins and enzymes
Rough ER
Site of Co translational modification
Rough ER
Saucer shaped cisternae
Golgi apparatus
Stacks of membranous cisternae with CIS and TRANS face
Golgi apparatus
Site of protein sorting and packaging
Golgi apparatus
Site of post translational modification
Golgi apparatus
Site of further processing,concentration and packaging of protein
Golgi apparatus
Site of mRNA translation into amino sequence
Free ribosomes
Non membrane bound vesicles
Free ribosomes
Command center of cell
Nucleus
Most abundant form of chromatin
Euchromatin
Contains their own set of DNA
Mitochondria
Sequestration and release of calcium ions in striated muscles
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Consists of large and small subunits
Free ribosome
Synthesis of steroid hormones,phospholipid and Triglycerides
Smooth ER
Involved in production of CoA, TCA and beta oxidation
Mitochondria
Cell’s garbage disposal system
Lysosome
Contains oxidative enzymes and site of hydrogen peroxide production
Peroxisome
Contains hydrolytic enzymes
Lysosome
Disease associated with mitochondrial genome defect
MELAS: Metochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke like symptoms
Defect in peroxisomes wherein there is defective beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acid
Zellweger syndrome
Defective enzyme in zellweger syndrome
Pipecolate oxidase
Involved in beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids
Peroxisome
Suicide bags
Lysosome
Catalase is the major enzyme
Peroxisome
Participate in bile acid synthesis
Peroxisome
Acid hydrolase is the major protein
Lysosome
Enzymes are produced in free ribosome
Peroxisomes
Enzymes are produced in RER
Lysosome
Drug detoxification
Smooth ER
Very abundant in ovaries,testis, adrenals
Smooth ER
Abundant in neurons
Rough ER (nissl bodies)
Abundant in pancreas and thyroid gland
Rough ER
Abundant in red muscles
Mitochondria
Site of protein synthesis destined for the nucleus,peroxisome and mitochondria
Free ribosomes
Site of synthesis for secretory proteins,membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes
Rough ER
Involved in membrane cycling
Golgi apparatus
Composed of actin
Microfilament
Consists of circularly arranged A and B tubulin proteins
Microtubules
Demonstrate tissue specificity and may be used as pathological markers
Intermediate filaments
Thinnest of all cytoskeleton
Microfilament - composed of actin “acthin”
Involved in spindle formation during meiosis and mitosis
Microtubule
Ciliary and flagellar movement
Microtubule
Muscle contraction
Microfilament (contain actin)
Function inhibited by amanita mushroom toxin
Microfilament
Syndrome characterized by Microtubule dysfunction
Chediak higashi syndrome
Recurrent pyogenic infection,albinism and peripheral neuropathy
Chediak higashi syndrome
Support of the cell
Cytoskeleton
Mechanical support for cell
Participate with myosin in muscle contraction
Exocytosis and endocytosis
Microfilament
Tumor markers
Intermediate filament
Link/INTERconnect ECM,cytoplasm and nucleus
INTERmediate filament
Basic unit of microtubule
Tubulin
Anti inflammatory drug acting on microtubule
Colchicine
Antifungal that acts on microtubule
Griseofulvin
Antifungal that can cause cancer
Griseofulvin
Antineoplastic drug that act on microtubule
Vinblastine
Vincristine
Taxanes
Drugs that inhibit 30s subunit
Aminoglycoside
Tetracycline
Drugs that inhibit 50s subunit
Chloramphenicol Erythromycin (macrolides) Lincosamide (clindamycin) Linezolid Streptogrammins
ATPase activity for movement of vesicles toward axon terminal
Kinesin
ATPase activity for movement of vesicles toward cell body
Dynein
“You live in the past-you die”
Anterograde transport
Kinesin
“DR-KA”
Retrograde transport
Dynein
DR-ka
ATPase activity for elongation of nerve axons
Dynamin
Defective dynein
Kartagener syndrome
Bronchiectasis,situs inversus, sinusitis
Kartagener syndrome
Tumor marker for epithelial cell origin
Cytokeratan
Tumor marker for endothelial cell,vascular smooth muscle,fibroblast and chondroblast
Vimentin
V=vascular
Tumor marker for skeletal and smooth muscle (sarcoma)
Desmin
Tumor marker for neurons
Neurofilament
Tumor marker for glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocyte,schwann cell)
Glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP)
MC primary brain tumor in adult
Astrocytoma (glioblastoma multiforme)
Prevents diffusion of material across an epithelium
Zonula occludens/tight junctions
Leaky junctions
Glomerulus
Tight junctions
Blood brain barrier
Form belts connecting actin with cadherin (calcium dependent adhesion protein)
Zonula adherens
Loss of e-cadherin would lead to
Metastasis
Attach 2 adjoining cells with an attachment plaque called desmoplakin
Desmosome/macula adherens
Autoantibodies against desmosomes
Pemphigous vulgaris
Metabolic and electrical coupling of cells. Found nearly in all tissues except skeletal muscle
Gap junctions
Does cancer cells have gap junctions?
No
Autoantibodies against hemidesmosome
Bullous pemphigoid
Disease with + nikolsky sign
Pemphigous vulagris
TEN
Disease with negative nikolsky sign
Bullous pemphigoid
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Kartagener syndrome
Functions in movement of fluid with back and forth motion
Cilia
Locomotion of cell
Flagella
Seen brush border, contains actin
Microvilli
Long microvilli seen in vas deferens, hair cells of inner ear and epididymis
Stereocilia
Special type of cilia on apex of haircells of inner ear
Kinocilium
Antibiotics that destroy kinocilium
Aminoglycosides
Function to increase cell surface area
Microvilli
Maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment
Homeostasis
