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Triad Subjects > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest unit of protoplasm capable of independent existence

A

Cell

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2
Q

Aka plasmalemma

A

Cell membrane

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3
Q

Made up of trilaminar structure

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

Antiphagocytic property of cell

A

Capsule

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5
Q

Protection against osmotic pressure

A

Cell wall

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6
Q

Acts as a permeability barrier

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

Responsible for cellular form and permeability

A

Phospholipids

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8
Q

Acts as receptors,ion pumps and enzymes

A

Proteins

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9
Q

States that the membrane proteins are globular and float like iceberg in a sea of lipid

A

Fluid mosaic model of singer and nicholson

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10
Q

Composition of lipid bilayer

A

Phospholipid
Glycolipid
Cholesterol

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11
Q

Extrinsic protein that is defective in hereditary spherocytosis

A

Spectrin

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12
Q

Confers antibiotic resistance and encodes for exotoxin

A

Plasmid

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13
Q

For attachment and conjugation

A

Pili

“Pilit”

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14
Q

Dynamic structure of the cytoskeleton

A

Microtubule

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15
Q

Functions of microtubules

A

Movement within the cell
Cell shape
Beating of cilia and flagella

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16
Q

Contains organelles and inclusions suspended in a fluid medium called cytosol

A

Cytoplasm

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17
Q

Glycoproteins and polysaccharide covering the external surface of the cell membrane

A

Glycocalyx

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18
Q

Most important function of glycocalyx

A

Histocompatibility

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19
Q

Properties of organelles

A

Metabolically active
Carry out specific essential functions
Essential
Bound by a membrane

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20
Q

Properties of inclusions

A

Metabolically inert
Accumulation of cell products
Dispensable
Not bounded by a membrane

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21
Q

Properties of eukaryotic cell

A 
True nucleus w/nuclear membrane
Linear DNA and RNA
G and S phase in cell cycle
Mitochondria and organelles
80s ribosome (60 and 40s)
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22
Q

Largest organelle of the cell

A

Nucleus

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23
Q

Contains the genetic material of the organism

A

Nucleus

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24
Q

Components of nucleus

A

Chromatin
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear membrane

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25
Q

Site of DNA replication and transcription

A

Nucleus

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26
Q

Site of ribosomal RNA production

A

Nucleolus

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27
Q

Complex of DNA, histones and non histones proteins

A

Chromatin

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28
Q

Type of chromatin that is condensed,inactive and dark

A

Heterochromatin

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29
Q

Type of chromatin which is active, dispersed and light

A

Euchromatin

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30
Q

Barr body

A

Heterochromatin

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31
Q

States that all but 1 X is inactivated

A

Lyon hypothesis

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32
Q

Klinefelter syndrome has how many barr bodies?

A

1

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33
Q

Non disjunction of x chromosome during meiosis resulting in 47 xxy

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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34
Q

Intracellular digestive system

A

Lysosome

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35
Q

Aka microbodies

A

Peroxisomes

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36
Q

Rod/sausage shaped organelle

A

Mitochondria

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37
Q

Powerhouse of cell

A

Mitochondria

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38
Q

Site of ATP synthesis

A

Mitochondria

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39
Q

Principal biochemical activity of mitochondria

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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40
Q

Site of oxidative phosphorylation

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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41
Q

Membranous organelle that contains no ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

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42
Q

Synthesis of cell membrane phospholipids

A

Smooth ER

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43
Q

Synthesis of steroid hormone

A

Smooth ER

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44
Q

Site of drug and alcohol detoxification

A

Smooth ER

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45
Q

Site of fatty acid elongation/synthesis

A

Smooth ER

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46
Q

Participate in calcium fluxes associated with muscle contraction

A

Smooth ER

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47
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Rough ER

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48
Q

Outer nuclear membrane is continuous with:

A

Rough ER

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49
Q

Site of synthesis of secretory, membrane proteins and enzymes

A

Rough ER

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50
Q

Site of Co translational modification

A

Rough ER

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51
Q

Saucer shaped cisternae

A

Golgi apparatus

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52
Q

Stacks of membranous cisternae with CIS and TRANS face

A

Golgi apparatus

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53
Q

Site of protein sorting and packaging

A

Golgi apparatus

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54
Q

Site of post translational modification

A

Golgi apparatus

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55
Q

Site of further processing,concentration and packaging of protein

A

Golgi apparatus

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56
Q

Site of mRNA translation into amino sequence

A

Free ribosomes

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57
Q

Non membrane bound vesicles

A

Free ribosomes

58
Q

Command center of cell

A

Nucleus

59
Q

Most abundant form of chromatin

A

Euchromatin

60
Q

Contains their own set of DNA

A

Mitochondria

61
Q

Sequestration and release of calcium ions in striated muscles

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

62
Q

Consists of large and small subunits

A

Free ribosome

63
Q

Synthesis of steroid hormones,phospholipid and Triglycerides

A

Smooth ER

64
Q

Involved in production of CoA, TCA and beta oxidation

A

Mitochondria

65
Q

Cell’s garbage disposal system

A

Lysosome

66
Q

Contains oxidative enzymes and site of hydrogen peroxide production

A

Peroxisome

67
Q

Contains hydrolytic enzymes

A

Lysosome

68
Q

Disease associated with mitochondrial genome defect

A

MELAS: Metochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke like symptoms

69
Q

Defect in peroxisomes wherein there is defective beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acid

A

Zellweger syndrome

70
Q

Defective enzyme in zellweger syndrome

A

Pipecolate oxidase

71
Q

Involved in beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids

A

Peroxisome

72
Q

Suicide bags

A

Lysosome

73
Q

Catalase is the major enzyme

A

Peroxisome

74
Q

Participate in bile acid synthesis

A

Peroxisome

75
Q

Acid hydrolase is the major protein

A

Lysosome

76
Q

Enzymes are produced in free ribosome

A

Peroxisomes

77
Q

Enzymes are produced in RER

A

Lysosome

78
Q

Drug detoxification

A

Smooth ER

79
Q

Very abundant in ovaries,testis, adrenals

A

Smooth ER

80
Q

Abundant in neurons

A

Rough ER (nissl bodies)

81
Q

Abundant in pancreas and thyroid gland

A

Rough ER

82
Q

Abundant in red muscles

A

Mitochondria

83
Q

Site of protein synthesis destined for the nucleus,peroxisome and mitochondria

A

Free ribosomes

84
Q

Site of synthesis for secretory proteins,membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes

A

Rough ER

85
Q

Involved in membrane cycling

A

Golgi apparatus

86
Q

Composed of actin

A

Microfilament

87
Q

Consists of circularly arranged A and B tubulin proteins

A

Microtubules

88
Q

Demonstrate tissue specificity and may be used as pathological markers

A

Intermediate filaments

89
Q

Thinnest of all cytoskeleton

A

Microfilament - composed of actin “acthin”

90
Q

Involved in spindle formation during meiosis and mitosis

A

Microtubule

91
Q

Ciliary and flagellar movement

A

Microtubule

92
Q

Muscle contraction

A

Microfilament (contain actin)

93
Q

Function inhibited by amanita mushroom toxin

A

Microfilament

94
Q

Syndrome characterized by Microtubule dysfunction

A

Chediak higashi syndrome

95
Q

Recurrent pyogenic infection,albinism and peripheral neuropathy

A

Chediak higashi syndrome

96
Q

Support of the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

97
Q

Mechanical support for cell
Participate with myosin in muscle contraction
Exocytosis and endocytosis

A

Microfilament

98
Q

Tumor markers

A

Intermediate filament

99
Q

Link/INTERconnect ECM,cytoplasm and nucleus

A

INTERmediate filament

100
Q

Basic unit of microtubule

A

Tubulin

101
Q

Anti inflammatory drug acting on microtubule

A

Colchicine

102
Q

Antifungal that acts on microtubule

A

Griseofulvin

103
Q

Antifungal that can cause cancer

A

Griseofulvin

104
Q

Antineoplastic drug that act on microtubule

A

Vinblastine
Vincristine
Taxanes

105
Q

Drugs that inhibit 30s subunit

A

Aminoglycoside

Tetracycline

106
Q

Drugs that inhibit 50s subunit

A 
Chloramphenicol 
Erythromycin (macrolides)
Lincosamide (clindamycin)
Linezolid
Streptogrammins
107
Q

ATPase activity for movement of vesicles toward axon terminal

A

Kinesin

108
Q

ATPase activity for movement of vesicles toward cell body

A

Dynein

“You live in the past-you die”

109
Q

Anterograde transport

A

Kinesin

“DR-KA”

110
Q

Retrograde transport

A

Dynein

DR-ka

111
Q

ATPase activity for elongation of nerve axons

A

Dynamin

112
Q

Defective dynein

A

Kartagener syndrome

113
Q

Bronchiectasis,situs inversus, sinusitis

A

Kartagener syndrome

114
Q

Tumor marker for epithelial cell origin

A

Cytokeratan

115
Q

Tumor marker for endothelial cell,vascular smooth muscle,fibroblast and chondroblast

A

Vimentin

V=vascular

116
Q

Tumor marker for skeletal and smooth muscle (sarcoma)

A

Desmin

117
Q

Tumor marker for neurons

A

Neurofilament

118
Q

Tumor marker for glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocyte,schwann cell)

A

Glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP)

119
Q

MC primary brain tumor in adult

A

Astrocytoma (glioblastoma multiforme)

120
Q

Prevents diffusion of material across an epithelium

A

Zonula occludens/tight junctions

121
Q

Leaky junctions

A

Glomerulus

122
Q

Tight junctions

A

Blood brain barrier

123
Q

Form belts connecting actin with cadherin (calcium dependent adhesion protein)

A

Zonula adherens

124
Q

Loss of e-cadherin would lead to

A

Metastasis

125
Q

Attach 2 adjoining cells with an attachment plaque called desmoplakin

A

Desmosome/macula adherens

126
Q

Autoantibodies against desmosomes

A

Pemphigous vulgaris

127
Q

Metabolic and electrical coupling of cells. Found nearly in all tissues except skeletal muscle

A

Gap junctions

128
Q

Does cancer cells have gap junctions?

A

No

129
Q

Autoantibodies against hemidesmosome

A

Bullous pemphigoid

130
Q

Disease with + nikolsky sign

A

Pemphigous vulagris

TEN

131
Q

Disease with negative nikolsky sign

A

Bullous pemphigoid

132
Q

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

A

Kartagener syndrome

133
Q

Functions in movement of fluid with back and forth motion

A

Cilia

134
Q

Locomotion of cell

A

Flagella

135
Q

Seen brush border, contains actin

A

Microvilli

136
Q

Long microvilli seen in vas deferens, hair cells of inner ear and epididymis

A

Stereocilia

137
Q

Special type of cilia on apex of haircells of inner ear

A

Kinocilium

138
Q

Antibiotics that destroy kinocilium

A

Aminoglycosides

139
Q

Function to increase cell surface area

A

Microvilli

140
Q

Maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment

A

Homeostasis

Triad Subjects (8 decks)

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