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Triad Subjects > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

MC type of ASD

A

Ostium secundum

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2
Q

Ostium secundum defect plus defect in gene TBX5

A

Holt Oram Syndrome

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3
Q

Most common congenital heart disease in ADULTS

A

ASD

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4
Q

Snowman sign on xray

A

TAPVR

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5
Q

AKA: cardiac-limb syndrome/ ventriculo radial syndrome

A

Holt oram syndrome

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6
Q

Four pulmonary veins drain to RA instead of LA

A

TAPVR

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7
Q

MC ASD associated with Down Syndrome

A

Ostium primum

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8
Q

Anomalous vein draining to IVC, seen as crescentic shadow on the R border of cardiac silhouette

A

Scimitar syndrome

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9
Q

MC congenital heart disease in children

A

VSD

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10
Q

CHD associated with maternal rubella infection

A

PDA

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11
Q

Large communication between 2 circulations with result in reversal of left to right shunt into a right to left shunt

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

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12
Q

Functioning connection between pulmonary artery and descending aorta

A

PDA

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13
Q

Tx for closure of PDA

A

Indomethacin

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14
Q

MC cyanotic congenital HD

A

TOF

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15
Q

Machinery like murmur

A

PDA

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16
Q

Components of TOF

A

Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
RVH
Overriding of aorta
VSD

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17
Q

Trilogy of fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
RVH
VSD

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18
Q

In what condition do you see tet spells

A

TOF

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19
Q

Pentalogy of fallot

A 
Pulmonary stenosis
RVH
Overriding of aorta
VSD
ASD
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20
Q

Boot shaped heart

A

TOF

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21
Q

Aortic narrowing at the area of ductus venosus(ligamentum arteriosum)

A

Coarctation of aorta

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22
Q

Surgical tx for TOF

A

Blalock Taussig Shunt

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23
Q

BP higher in upper ext than in lower ext

A

Coarctation of aorta

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24
Q

Coarctation of aorta w/c is proximal to a PDA

A

Infantile

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25
Q

Most common site of aortic dissection

A

Ascending aorta,w/in 10cm from aortic valve

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26
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of aorta

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27
Q

Coarcation of aorta located distal of aortic arch

A

Adult

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28
Q

Tricuspid valve is displaced,atrialized RV, ASD

A

Ebstein anomaly

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29
Q

Inversion of aorta and pulmonary artery with respect to ventricles (ventriculo-arterial discordance)

A

TGA

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30
Q

Box shaped heart

A

Ebstein anomaly

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31
Q

Egg on its side

A

TGA

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32
Q

Aka systolic click murmur syndrome

A

MVP

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33
Q

Symptoms of aortic stenosis

A

Syncope
Angina
Dyspnea

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34
Q

Floppy valve syndrome

A

MVP

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35
Q

2 disorders associated with MVP

A

Marfan syndrome

Ehler Danlos syndrome

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36
Q

Ballooning of Mitral valve

A

MVP

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37
Q

MC benign cardiac tumor in adults

A

Myxoma

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38
Q

Myxomatous degeneration of the valve

A

MVP

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39
Q

MC location of myxoma

A

Left atrium

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40
Q

MC cardiac tumor in children

A

Rhabdomyoma

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41
Q

Midsystolic click murmur

A

MVP

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42
Q

MC location of cardiac rhabdomyoma

A

Ventricles

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43
Q

Morphologic feature of rhabdomyoma

A

Spider cells

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44
Q

MC type of cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated CM

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45
Q

Cardiac rhabdomyoma is associated with what condition

A

Tuberous sclerosis

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46
Q

Cardiac enlargement with dilation all 4 chambers

A

Dilated CM

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47
Q

MCC of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Idiopathic

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48
Q

Progressive cardiac dilation with systolic dysfunction

A

Dilated CM

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49
Q

Second MCC of dilated CM

A

Alcohol

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50
Q

Chemo drug associated with dilated CM

A

Doxurubicin

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51
Q

Aka idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

A

Hypertrophic CM

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52
Q

New onset atrial fibrillation,w/o a structural abnormality, after a binge drinking spree

A

Holiday heart syndrome

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53
Q

Aka congestive cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated CM

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54
Q

Aka asymmetric septal hypertrophy

A

Hypertrophic CM

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55
Q

Most common rhythm associated with holiday heart syndrome

A

Atrial fibrillation

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56
Q

Hallmark of restrictive CM

A

Abnormal diastolic function

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57
Q

Ventricular walls are rigid often secondary to myocardial fibrosis

A

Restrictive CM

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58
Q

Associated with sudden cardiac death in young athlete

A

Hypertrophic CM

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59
Q

Broken heart syndrome

A

Takotsubo stress CM

60
Q

MCC of restrictive CM

A

Amyloidosis

61
Q

Normal amount of pericardial fluid

A

30-50 ml

62
Q

MC type of pericardial effusion

A

Serous type

63
Q

Pericardial friction rub

A

Pericarditis

64
Q

MC type of pericarditis

A

Fibrinous/serofibrinous

65
Q

Post MI pericarditis

A

Dressler syndrome

66
Q

MCC of pericarditis

A

Viral

67
Q

Most important lesion if infective endocarditis

A

Vegetations

68
Q

Non bacterial endocarditis associated with small cell/oat cell lung cancer

A

Marantic endocarditis
“Malinis”
“Maliit”
“Malignancy”

69
Q

Prototype lesion in IE

A

Vegetation

70
Q

Most consistent sign of IE

A

Fever

71
Q

Lesions at palm of hands seen in IE

A

Janeway lesion

“Hold jane at her palms to show her the way”

72
Q

Retinal hemorrhage seen in IE

A

Roth spots

73
Q

Lesions at pulp of fingers seen in IE

A

Osler nodes

74
Q

Causative agent of IE in IV drug users

A

S.aureus

75
Q

Causative agent in subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

S.viridans

76
Q

Causative agent in prosthetic valve endocarditis

A

S.epidermidis

77
Q

Cardiac arrhythmia associated with sudden cardiac death

A

V. Fibrillation

78
Q

MC aquired heart disease in children

A

Rheumatic fever

79
Q

Pathognomonic of Rheumatic fever

A

Aschoff bodies

80
Q

Large histiocytes with central oval nuclei in w/c chromatin has condensed toward the center to form an irregular linear shape

A

Anitschkow cells

81
Q

Fish mouth orifice/button hole deformity of MV

A

Mitral stenosis

82
Q

Most common cause of mitral stenosis

A

RHD

83
Q

Tachycardia out of proportion to the fever and persists during sleep

A

Myocarditis

84
Q

MC symptoms in RF

A

Fever and polyarthritis

85
Q

Opening snap and diastolic rumble

A

Mitral stenosis

86
Q

DOC for RF

A

Penicillin

87
Q

Hallmark of RF

A

MV damage

88
Q

MCC of death in RHD

A

CHF

89
Q

Mutation in SCN5 gene encoding for sodium channel

A

Brugada syndrome

90
Q

Auscultation site for mitral valve

A

Left 5th ICS MCL

91
Q

MCC of natural death in men <50yo

A

Brugada syndrome

92
Q

Fastest rate of automaticity of the heart

A

SA node

93
Q

Sawtooth on ECG

A

Atrial flutter

94
Q

MC ECG finding associated with graves disease/hyperthyroidism

A

Atrial fibrillation

95
Q

DOC for SVT

A

Adenosine

96
Q

Single most common cause of heart failure

A

CAD

97
Q

MCC for pump failure

A

Myocardial hypertrophy secondary to hypertension

98
Q

MCC of right sided HF

A

Left sided HF

99
Q

Right sided heart failure caused by pulmonary hypertension from an intrinsic lung disease

A

Cor pulmonale

100
Q

Hepatomegaly with centrilobular congestion and atrophy of central hepatocytes (chronic passive congestion of liver)

A

Nutmeg liver

101
Q

Tx for stable angina

A

BANSA +lifestyle

102
Q

Tx for UA/NSTEMI

A

BANSA +heparin
+/- PCI or CABG
Lifestyle

103
Q

Tx for STEMI

A

BANSA + PCI/CABG
Heparin
Lifestyle

104
Q

Indications for CABG

A

left main coronary artery occlusion + DM

105
Q

Contraindication for morphine in AMI

A

Posteroinferior MI

106
Q

Initial ecg changes in stemi

A

ST elevation

107
Q

Tachycardia and hypertension in MI stimulated by sympathetic reflex

A

James reflex

108
Q

Killips class with cardiogenic shock

A

Killips class 4

109
Q

Bradycardia and hypotension seen in posterior / inferior wall MI

A

Bezold Jarisch reflex

110
Q

Killips class with rales and s3 gallop

A

Killips class 3

111
Q

Microscopic change in MI at 4-24 hrs

A

Coagulative necrosis

112
Q

Killips class with pulmonary edema

A

Class 3

113
Q

Microscopic change in MI at 1-4 days

A

Neutrophilic infiltrates

114
Q

Cardiac biomarker which is elevated by 3-6 hrs and return to normal at 7-10 days

A

Troponin I

116
Q

Gross changes in MI at 1-7 days

A

Yellow pallor

117
Q

Microscopic change in MI at 4-7 days

A

Macrophages

118
Q

Cardiac biomarker which is elevated by 4-8 hrs and returns to normal at 2-3 days

A

CK-MB

119
Q

Gross changes in MI at 0-18 hrs

A

No gross change

120
Q

Location of SA node

A

In the wall of Right atrium lateral to sinus venarum where SVC enters the RA

121
Q

Cardiac muscle fiber RMP

A

-90 mV

122
Q

Closure of AV valves

A

1st heart sound

123
Q

Closure of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic valves)

A

2nd heart sound

124
Q

Permanently wide split s2 is seen in

A

RBBB

125
Q

Capacitance is greatest in:

A

Veins

126
Q

Site of highest resistance

A

Arterioles

127
Q

Largest cross sectional and surface area

A

Capillaries

128
Q

Reservoir of blood

A

Veins

129
Q

Most important determinant of pulse pressure

A

Stroke volume

130
Q

Conditions with different bp in the extremities

A

Coarctation of aorta

Thoracic aortic dissection

131
Q

Neurodegenerative disease that presents with parkinsonism and autonomic dysfunction and loss of balance

A

Multiple systems atrophy

Previously known as Shy dragger syndrome

132
Q

Normal effect of respiration on BP

A

Systolic bp decreases on inspiration

133
Q

Exaggerated fall of 10mmhg or more in SBP during normal inspiration

A

Pulsus paradoxus

134
Q

Fixed splitting of heart sound is seen in

A

ASD

135
Q

2 conditions presenting with pulsus paradoxus

A

Cardiac tamponade

Status asthmaticus

136
Q

Corrigan pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

Co-RA

137
Q

Pulsus parvus et tardus

A

Aortic stenosis

PPTas

138
Q

Bisferiens pulse (twice beating pulse)

A

HCOM
AR
“BIHORA”

139
Q

WPW triad

A

Short P-R interval
Prolonged QRS
Delta wave

140
Q

DOC for prizmetal angina

A

CCB

141
Q

Causative agent of an indolent culture negative afebrile endocarditis

A

Tropheryma whipplei

142
Q

Diagnostic method of choice in visualization of vegetation

A

TEE

143
Q

Most common peripheral manifestion in IE

A

Petechiae

144
Q

Most common lab finding in IE

A

Anemia

145
Q

Jones major criteria for RF

A 
Joints- polyarthritis
Oh my heart-carditis
Nodules-sq nodules
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
146
Q

Tx for doxurubicin induced cardiomyopathy

A

Dexazoxane (iron chelator)

147
Q

Most common brand/trade name of doxurubicin

A

Adriamycin

Triad Subjects (8 decks)

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