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Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue covering of EACH muscle tissue

A

Epimysium

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2
Q

Cover many fascicle of muscle tissue

A

Perimysium

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3
Q

Surround each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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4
Q

Smallest anatomic unit capable of contraction

A

Muscle fiber

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5
Q

Thin threadlike substances with light and dark bands of striation

A

Myofibrils

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6
Q

2 types of myofibrils

A

Actin and myosin

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7
Q

Structural functional subunit between 2 adjacent Z lines

A

Sarcomere

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8
Q

Boudaries of sarcomere where actin is inserted

A

Z disk

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9
Q

Proteins bounde to actin and myosin

A

Troponin/tropomyosin

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10
Q

Interconnect sarcolemmal membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Transverse tubules

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11
Q

What give the skeletal muscle its striated appearance

A

Overlapping of actin and myosin

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12
Q

Center of sarcomere which contain MYOSIN

A

A band

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13
Q

Contains ACTIN only. Transected by Z disk

A

I band

I- thin “acthin”

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14
Q

Center of sarcomere which contain myosin and DOES NOT OVERLAP

A

H zone

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15
Q

Center of H zone

A

M line

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16
Q

Muscle fiber with Deep red, higher myoglobin content

A

Slow muscle fibers

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17
Q

Muscle fiber with whitish hue

A

Fast muscle fibers

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18
Q

Consist of small specialized muscle fibers encapsulated by connective tissue

A

Muscle spindles

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19
Q

2 types of muscle spindle

A

Nuclear bag

Nuclear chain

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20
Q

2 types of innervation of muscle spindle

A

Primary sensory- annulospiral

Secondary sensory- flower spray

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21
Q

Absence of ATP in muscles will result in

A

Rigor mortis

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22
Q

What is important in the detachment phase of skeletal muscle RELAXATION

A

ATP

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23
Q

What accumulates during rigor mortis?

A

Phosphoric acid

Lactic acid

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24
Q

MC form of progressive motor neuron disease

A

ALS

aka Lou Gehrig disease

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25
Q

Rapidly progressive fatal neurologic disease that attack the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle

A

ALS

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26
Q

Gene mutation in ALS

A

Superoxide dismutase gene

Result to ROS damage

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27
Q

What neurotransmitter in increased in ALS?

A

Glutamate— lead to increased excitation— death of neuron

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28
Q

Gene that regulates glutamate release

A

SOD-1

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29
Q

Part of spinal cord affected in ALS

A

Anterior horn cells– both UMN and LMN symptoms

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30
Q

Telltale sign of ALS

A

Atrophy of tongue

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31
Q

Small intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions seen in LMN of pt with ALS

A

Bunina bodies

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32
Q

Drug that increase survival of pt with ALS

A

Riluzole

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33
Q

Median survival of ALS

A

3-5 years

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34
Q

Type of contraction where there is change in muscle length

A

Isotonic muscle contraction

Ex: biceps curls

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35
Q

Type of contraction where there is NO change in muscle length,and only EXERT TENSION

A

Isometric muscle contraction

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36
Q

Electrical stimulation of myocytes above the threshold potential results in a limited efflux of calcium from SER stimulating a SINGLE CONTRACTION

A

Twitch

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37
Q

Occurs if muscle is stimulated high enough, and individual muscles twitches combine to produce SUSTAINED contraction

A

Summation and tetany

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38
Q

Type of muscle contraction/training where there js an increase in NUMBER OF MYOFILAMENT leading to INCREASED MUSCLE MASS

A

Strength training

39
Q

Type of muscle contraction/training where there js an increase in NUMBER OF BLOOD VESSELS and MITOCHONDRIA, NO increase in muscle mass

A

Endurance training

40
Q

A single alpha neuron plus all the corresponding muscle fibers it innervates

A

Motor unit

41
Q

Most common disease that affect the motor unit

42
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle

A

Non striated
No t tubule
Spindle shaped
(+) dense bodies— analogous to z disk

43
Q

Predominant type of smooth muscle

A

Single unit/ unitary/visceral smooth muscle

44
Q

Type of smooth muscle in which each fiber function separately

45
Q

Single unit or multiunit

Found in GIT,bladder,ureter

A

Single unit

46
Q

Single unit or multiunit:

Function as syncytium

A

Single unit

47
Q

Single unit or multiunit:

(+) gap junctions

A

Single unit

48
Q

Single unit or multiunit:

(+) pacemaker activity

A

Single unit

49
Q

Single unit or multiunit:

Primary regulator is slow waves

A

Single unit

50
Q

Single unit or multiunit:

Found in iris,ciliary muscle, arrector pili, vas deferens

51
Q

Single unit or multiunit:

Each fiber function separately

52
Q

Single unit or multiunit:
No gap junction
No pacemaker

53
Q

Single unit or multiunit:

Regulated by ANS

54
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

Red muscle due to high myoglobin content

A

Slow

Slow red ox

55
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

Primarily aerobic

56
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

More mitochondria

57
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

Function is to provide endurance

58
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:
More capillary supply
Highly sensitive to hypoxia
High resistance to fatigue

A

Slow twitch

59
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

Soleus muscle

60
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

Source of energy is oxidative system

A

Slow

Slow red ox

61
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

White muscle

62
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

Example is stapedius m

63
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

Primarily anaerobic

64
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

Deliver power surge for few seconds or minutes

65
Q

Slow twitch/fast twich:

Source of energy is phosphagen/glycolytic system

A

Fast twitch

66
Q

Skeletal/cardiac/smooth muscle:

Striated

A

cardiac and skeletal muscle

67
Q

Skeletal/cardiac/smooth muscle:

Gap junctions

A

Cardiac and skeletal m

68
Q

Skeletal/cardiac/smooth muscle:

Presence of sarcomere

A

Cardiac and skeletal muscle

69
Q

Normal EMG in normal muscle

A

SNAP-sensory nerve action potential

70
Q

Abnormal EMG seen in myopathy

A

Abnormal spontaneous activity- Fibrillation

71
Q

Dive bomber sound in EMG

A

Myotonic dystrophy

72
Q

Characterized by calf pseudohypertrophy and progressive weakness of girdle muscles

73
Q

Due to gene deletion of dystrophin

74
Q

Pathognomonic of DMD

A

(+)gower sign

75
Q

Aka steinert’s disease

A

Myotonic dystrophy

76
Q

CTG trinucleotide repeat in DMPK gene

A

Myotonic dystrophy

77
Q

Characterized by weakness, myotonia(sustained contraction) christmas tree cataract,
frontal balding/bossing
Carp mouth

A

Myotonic dystrophy

78
Q

Aka thomsen disease

A

Myotonia congenita

79
Q

Gene mutation in chloride channel

A

Myotonia congenita

80
Q

Characterized by myotonia, muscle hypertrophy and HERCULEAN appearance

A

Myotonia congenita

Maskulado

81
Q

Glucose 6 phosphatase def

A

Von gierke’s disease

Type 1: 1st bf is always a jerk

82
Q

Severe hypoglycemia
Lactic acidosis
Hepatomegaly
Hyperlipidemia,xanthoma

A

Von gierke

83
Q

Acid maltase/alpha glucosidase deficiency

A

Type 2Pompe disease

84
Q

Death due to cardiomyopathy and heart failure

A

Pompe disease

85
Q

Debranching enzyme deficiency

A

Type 3 Cori disease

86
Q

Accumulation in cori disease

A

Limit dextrin

87
Q

Branching enzyme deficiency

A

Type 4 andersen disease

88
Q

Accumulation of amylopectin

A

Andersen disease

89
Q

Muscle phosphorylase def

A

Type 5 mc ardle disease

90
Q

Poor exercise intolerance

91
Q

Liver phosphorylase def

A

Type 6: her’s disease

Hep hep herry

92
Q

Phosphofructokinase def

A

Type 7: Tarui disease

93
Q

Only GSD with hemolytic anemia

Triad Subjects (8 decks)

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