respiratory part 1 Flashcards
general definition of respiration
sequence of events that result in the exchange of oxygen/carbon dioxide between external and internal environment and mitochondria
general definition of mitochondrial respiration
production of ATP by oxidation of carbs, AA, or FAs
oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide is produced
equation for diffusion
dQ/dt=DXAX(dC/dX)
rate of diffusion = diffusion coefficient x area of membrane x concentration of gradient over distance
what is the solubility of oxygen in air vs water?
oxygen is 30x less soluble in water than air
oxygen is 10,000x less mobile in water than air
what are challenges associated with relying on diffusion for gas exchange?
stagnant environment = depletion of gases
requires a very small distance
thin membranes
what do large organisms use for gas exchange
bulk flow: ventilation/circulation
diffusion
what are the three respiratory strategies
- circulating external medium through body
- diffusion of gases across the body surface as well as circulatory transport (moist thin skin)
- diffusion of gases across specialized respiratory surface as well as circulatory transport (lungs/gills)
what are the three types of ventilation
- non directional
- tidal (air breathers)
- uni directional (water breathers)
what are the three types of unidirectional ventilation
- concurrent - same direction
- counter current - opposite directions
3, crosscurrent - blood flow crosses respiratory surface
what is the purpose of ventilation
ventilation of respiratory surfaces reduces formation of static boundary layers
respiratory plan of sponges/chnidarians
circulate medium through internal cavity
gases diffuse directly in and out of cells
sponge- flagella move water thru ostia and out osculum
cnidarians - muscle contractions move water in and out through mouth
molluscs (snails and clam) respiratory plan
cilia on gills moves water across the gills unidrectionally
counter current flow
molluscs (cephalapods) respiratory plan
muscular contractions of mantel propel water unidirectionally past gills of mantle
counter current flow
elasmobranchs respiratory plan
expand buccal cavity
increase volume sucks water in buccal cavity through mouth
mouth closes, buccal cavity forces water past gills and out gill slits
- ram ventilation countercurrent flow
teleost fish respiratory plan
gills located in opercular cavity
mouth open opercular valve close, expands buccal cavity
pressure decreases, water sucks in
mouth closes, buccal cavity raises and closes operculum
pressure pushes out water into opercular cavity
opercular valve opens and water leaves through slits