circulatory system part 1 Flashcards
general functions of circulatory system
transport oxygen to cells and remove CO2/waste
transport nutrients
regulate salts/temperature
transport signalling molecules (hormones)
immune response
why do large animals need circulatory systems?
it would take years to diffuse nutrients over 1m of tissue
need to use bulk flow instead
how does the circulatory system move fluids?
- increasing pressure of fluid at one part of body
- pressure gradient
what are the three components of the circulatory system
- pump
- system of tubes/channels
- fluid
different types of pumps?
- chambered hearts - contractile (enters through atrium pumped out through ventricle)
- skeletal - squeezes on vessels to generate pressure
- pulsating blood vessels- peristalsis
- rhythmic contractions that pumps - one way valves - unidirectional flow
open circulatory system
circulatory fluid comes in contact with the tissues in sinuses
closed circulatory system
circulatory fluid remains within vessels (no direct contact) molecules diffuse across vessel wall
what are the four types of fluid?
- interstitial
- extracellular fluid directly bathes tissue - blood
- fluid that circulates within vessels of closed system - lymph
- fluid that circulates in lymphatic system - hemolymph
- fluid that circulates in an open circulatory system
what are the three components of vertebrate blood?
- plasma
- erythrocytes (red blood cells) - HEMATOCRIT
- other blood cells/clotting cells (leukocytes and thrombocytes)
what is blood made up of
water dissolved ions organic solutes blood cells dissolved proteins
albumin and globulin
carrier proteins in the blood
thrombin and fibrinogen
clotting proteins in the blood
what is the major function of red blood cells?
storage and transport of oxygen
- have high concentrations of hemoglobin
sponges and flatworms circulatory system
lack circulatory system
ciliated cells move water around body cavity
cnidarian circulatory system
lack circulatory system
muscular contractions of the body wall pump water in and out of body
annelids circulatory system
tube worm- open; hemolymph and contractile hearts
earth worm - closed; dorsal blood vessel, parastlyic propels blood along
molluscs
mostly open circulatory sytems
all have heart and some blood vessels
cephalopods - closed
- brachial hearts propel deoxygenated blood across gills
- systemic blood propels oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
arthropods (crustaceasns)
open circulatory systems
small sinuses function as vessels
some control of hemolymph flow
arthropods (insects)
relatively simple open circulatory system
multiple hearts along vessel
tracheal system for gas transport
tunica intima
internal lining of blood vessels
smooth sheet of endothelial cells
tunica media
middle layer of blood vessels
smooth muscle
elastic connective tissue
tunica externa
outermost layer of blood vessels
collagen
capillaries (3)
continuous
- held together by tight junctions
ex. blood brain barrier or skin/muscle
fenestrated
- contains pores specialized for exchange
ex. kidneys, endocrine organs and intestine
sinusoidal
- few tight junctions/ most porous for large protein exchange
ex. liver and bone marrow
water breathing fish circulatory system
single circuit
- 1 ventricle propels deoxygenated blood from heart over gills
- travels back to the heart oxygenated
lower metabolic rate and O2 consumption
air breathing tetrapods circulatory system
two circuits
- pulmonary: right side
- systemic: left side
higher metabolic rate and O2 consumption
amphibians and reptiles circulatory system
- heart only partially divided
- 2 atria and 1 ventricle
3 chambered - frog
5 chambered - lizard
blood from both atria flow into ventricle - mixing of de/oxygenated blood
blood diverted between pulmonary and systemic circuit
