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365 > circulatory system part 1 > Flashcards

circulatory system part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

general functions of circulatory system

A

transport oxygen to cells and remove CO2/waste
transport nutrients
regulate salts/temperature
transport signalling molecules (hormones)
immune response

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2
Q

why do large animals need circulatory systems?

A

it would take years to diffuse nutrients over 1m of tissue

need to use bulk flow instead

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3
Q

how does the circulatory system move fluids?

A
  • increasing pressure of fluid at one part of body

- pressure gradient

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4
Q

what are the three components of the circulatory system

A
  1. pump
  2. system of tubes/channels
  3. fluid
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5
Q

different types of pumps?

A
  1. chambered hearts - contractile (enters through atrium pumped out through ventricle)
  2. skeletal - squeezes on vessels to generate pressure
  3. pulsating blood vessels- peristalsis
    - rhythmic contractions that pumps
  4. one way valves - unidirectional flow
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6
Q

open circulatory system

A

circulatory fluid comes in contact with the tissues in sinuses

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7
Q

closed circulatory system

A

circulatory fluid remains within vessels (no direct contact) molecules diffuse across vessel wall

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8
Q

what are the four types of fluid?

A
  1. interstitial
    - extracellular fluid directly bathes tissue
  2. blood
    - fluid that circulates within vessels of closed system
  3. lymph
    - fluid that circulates in lymphatic system
  4. hemolymph
    - fluid that circulates in an open circulatory system
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9
Q

what are the three components of vertebrate blood?

A
  • plasma
  • erythrocytes (red blood cells) - HEMATOCRIT
  • other blood cells/clotting cells (leukocytes and thrombocytes)
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10
Q

what is blood made up of

A 
water
dissolved ions
organic solutes
blood cells
dissolved proteins
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11
Q

albumin and globulin

A

carrier proteins in the blood

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12
Q

thrombin and fibrinogen

A

clotting proteins in the blood

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13
Q

what is the major function of red blood cells?

A

storage and transport of oxygen

- have high concentrations of hemoglobin

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14
Q

sponges and flatworms circulatory system

A

lack circulatory system

ciliated cells move water around body cavity

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15
Q

cnidarian circulatory system

A

lack circulatory system

muscular contractions of the body wall pump water in and out of body

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16
Q

annelids circulatory system

A

tube worm- open; hemolymph and contractile hearts

earth worm - closed; dorsal blood vessel, parastlyic propels blood along

17
Q

molluscs

A

mostly open circulatory sytems
all have heart and some blood vessels
cephalopods - closed
- brachial hearts propel deoxygenated blood across gills
- systemic blood propels oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

18
Q

arthropods (crustaceasns)

A

open circulatory systems
small sinuses function as vessels
some control of hemolymph flow

19
Q

arthropods (insects)

A

relatively simple open circulatory system
multiple hearts along vessel
tracheal system for gas transport

20
Q

tunica intima

A

internal lining of blood vessels

smooth sheet of endothelial cells

21
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer of blood vessels
smooth muscle
elastic connective tissue

22
Q

tunica externa

A

outermost layer of blood vessels

collagen

23
Q

capillaries (3)

A

continuous
- held together by tight junctions
ex. blood brain barrier or skin/muscle
fenestrated
- contains pores specialized for exchange
ex. kidneys, endocrine organs and intestine
sinusoidal
- few tight junctions/ most porous for large protein exchange
ex. liver and bone marrow

24
Q

water breathing fish circulatory system

A

single circuit
- 1 ventricle propels deoxygenated blood from heart over gills
- travels back to the heart oxygenated
lower metabolic rate and O2 consumption

25
Q

air breathing tetrapods circulatory system

A

two circuits
- pulmonary: right side
- systemic: left side
higher metabolic rate and O2 consumption

26
Q

amphibians and reptiles circulatory system

A
  • heart only partially divided
  • 2 atria and 1 ventricle
    3 chambered - frog
    5 chambered - lizard
    blood from both atria flow into ventricle
  • mixing of de/oxygenated blood
    blood diverted between pulmonary and systemic circuit

365 (15 decks)

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