digestive system part 1 Flashcards
what are the seven classes of nutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals, ions and water
what is assimilation
the process of nutrient acquisition, digestion, and absorption
where does assimilation take place
along the gastrointestinal tract
what are the cell types that make up GT tract
secretory -lubricate food
absorptive cells
muscle cells - propel food
neurons
what is egestion
excretion of undigested food
what are the energy contents of protein/carbohydrates and fat?
protein/carbohydrates - 4kcal/gm
fat = 9kcal/gm
characteristics of vitamins
unrelated molecules with diverse functions
participate in catalysis (cofactors for enzymes)
antioxidants
fat soluble - ADEK
water soluble - BC
minerals characteristics
metallic elements that participate in protein structure
ex. calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc
amino acid characteristics
build proteins- variety of functions
animal tissue has higher protein quality than plant
which fatty acids can not be made from acetyl coA
omega 3 - cold water fish
omega 6- plant seeds, poultry, eggs, nuts
what are the four classes of digestive en zymes
- lipase’s- triglycerides/ phospholipids–> fatty acids
- proteases- proteins –> shorter polypeptides
- peptidases–> amino acids - amylases- polysaccharides –> oligosaccharides
- nucleases - DNA —> nucleotides
what are the three main types of symbionts?
enterosymbionts- lumen of GI tract (cecum)
exosymbionts- actively cultivate outside body
endosymbionts - grow in interstitial spaces
four polysaccharides
glycogen - storage carbohydrate of mammalian muscled liver
starch - storage carbohydrate of plants
cellulose- plant cell wall cannot be broken down by human enzymes
chitin- exoskeleton of arthropods
3 locations carbohydrate breakdown occurs?
mouth - salivary amylase
stomach
small intestine - pancreatic amylase
- disaccharidases
fructose transporter
GLUT-5
