Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

nurs 366: pathopharm ii > RESPIRATORY - obstructive lung disorders: asthma & COPD drugs > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY - obstructive lung disorders: asthma & COPD drugs Flashcards

EXAM 2 content

1
Q

what do we use to aid in reducing asthma (NOT TYPES OF DRUG CLASSES)?

A
  • ventilation support: O2 & mech vent
  • medications to open airways
  • medications to reduce allergic reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the medications we use to open the airways for asthma?

A
  • bronchodilators
  • anticholinergics
  • glucocorticoids
  • methylxanthines
  • leukotriene modifiers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the medications we use to reduce allergic reactions?

A
  • mast cell stabilizers
  • monoclonal antibodies for IgE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does monoclonal antibodies for IgE do?

A
  • IgE are antibodies that degranulate mast cells –> releases histamines
  • monoclonal antibodies binds to IgE so they can not bind/degranulate to mast cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the example drugs for bronchodilators?

A
  • ALBUTEROL (SABA)
  • SALMETEROL (LABA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the routes of ALBUTEROL & SALMETEROL?

A
  • inhaled is more common
  • PO is more for SALMETEROL (LABA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the pharmacologic action of ALBUTEROL & SALMETEROL?

A

stimulates beta 2 receptors (that control bronchodilation) –> bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the major adverse reactions of ALBUTEROL & SALMETEROL?

A
  • both: tachycardia (due to beta 1 effects of albuterol because it is non-selectie) , tremors, angina, & hyperglycemia
  • SALMETEROL (LABA): exacerbation of asthma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the nursing interventions for ALBUTEROL & SALMETEROL?

A

monitor for CN side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the client education for ALBUTEROL & SALMETEROL?

A
  • ALBUTEROL (SABA): used for an acute exacerbation
  • SALMETEROL (LABA): is not used for primary control. needs to be on a schedule & ONLY in conjunction with other drugs to manage asthma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the contraindications for ALBUTEROL & SALMETEROL?

A

hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the interactions of ALBUTEROL & SALMETEROL?

A
  • MAOIs: increase CN manifestations
  • antidiabetic agents: monitor blood glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which one is short term and which is long term for bronchodialators?

A

SABA = short, acute exacerbations
LABA = long term management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the example drugs for anticholinergics?

A

IPRATROPIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the route of IPATROPIUM?

A

inhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the pharmacological action of IPRATROPIUM?

A

blocks cholinergic receptors in smooth muscle –> reduces bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens if you mix IPRATROPIUM w a SABA?

A

makes LAMA (long acting muscarinic antagonist): increased effect on reducing bronchoconstriction because they work on different mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the adverse reactions of IPRATROPIUM?

A
  • dry mouth
  • increased intraocular pressure
  • urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the nursing interventions for IPRATROPIUM?

A

monitor UOP (urinary output)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what should educate about IPRATROPIUM?

A
  • report urinary changes
  • seek regular eye exams
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are contraindications of IPRATROPIUM?

A
  • glaucoma
  • hypersensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the example drug for glucocorticoids?

A

BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the routes of BECLOMETHASONE?

A

inhaled & PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the pharmacological action of BETHCLOMETHASONE?

A

suppresses inflammatory response –> helps keep airways open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the major adverse reactions of BETHCLOMETHASONE?
- immunosuppression! - hyperglycemia! - bone loss - adrenal suppression - fluid and electrolyte imbalance - GI bleed - candidiasis
26
what is candidiasis?
a fungal infection with BECLOMETHASONE due to inhalation
27
what are the nursing interventions for BETHCLOMETHASONE?
- monitor lab values: for immune problems - monitor infection: candidiasis
28
what should we educate about BETHCLOMETHASONE?
- rinse mouth after inhaler to prevention infection - taper dose before discontinuing - perform weight bearing exercises - consume calcium & vit D
29
what are the contraindications of BETHCLOMETHASONE?
infection - especially fungal
30
what are the interactions of BETHCLOMETHASONE?
- potassium wasting diuretics - NSAIDs - antidiabetic medications
31
what is the example drug for methylxanthines?
THEOPHYLLINE
32
what is the route for THEOPHYLLINE?
PO & IV
33
what is the pharmacological action of THEOPHYLLINE? what is it similar to?
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle --> better flow of air - similar to caffeine analog: works on SNS --> bronchodilation
34
what are the major adverse reactions for THEOPHYLLINE?
- CNS: restlessness & insomnia - dysrhythmias - seizures
35
what are the nursing interventions for THEOPHYLLINE?
- monitor drug levels carefully: USUALLY GIVEN IN COMBO and not usually given because of CN & CNS effects - seizure precautions - cardiac monitoring
36
what should we educate about THEOPHYLLINE?
- reduce caffeine intake - ongoing level testing - notify provider of adverse effects
37
what are the contraindications of THEOPHYLLINE?
- high levels of caffeine use - tobacco or marijuana use
38
what are the interactions of THEOPHYLLINE?
- anti seizure meds w/nicotine --> decrease metabolism of THEOPHYLLINE - caffeine & CIMETIDINE increase risk of toxicity
39
what is the example drug for leukotrine modifiers?
MONTELUKAST
40
what is the route for MONTELUKAST?
PO
41
what is the pharmacological action of MONTELUKAST?
blocks leukotriene receptors --> decreases inflammation, bronchoconstriction & vascular permeability --> long term preventative measure (esp if asthma for exercise reasons)
42
what are the major adverse reactions of MONTELUKAST?
possible suicide ideation & hepatotoxic
43
what are the nursing interventions for MONTELUKAST?
- liver function testing - observe behavioral changes bc of SI
44
what should we educate about MONTELUKAST?
- report manifestations of liver dysfunction - report behavioral changes - take at least 2 hours before exercise - take with a full glass of water
45
what are the contraindications for MONTELUKAST?
- liver dysfunction - status asthmaticus - NOT for acute exacerbation
46
what are the interactions with MONTELUKAST?
- phenobarbital - phenytoin - rifampin all decrease efficacy of MONTELUKAST
47
what is the example drug of mast cell stabilizers?
CROMOLYN
48
what is the route of CROMOLYN?
inhaled & PO
49
what is the pharmacological action of CROMOLYN?
stabilizes membrane of mast cells --> reduces release of histamine --> for long term PREVENTION, NOT acute exacerbation
50
what are the major adverse reactions to CROMOLYN?
allergic reactions - more for allergy induced asthma
51
what should we educate about for CROMOLYN?
monitor for manifestations of allergic reaction
52
what are the contraindications of CROMOLYN?
hypersensitivity
53
are there any interactions for CROMOLYN?
none known
54
what is the difference between DIPHENHYDRAMINE & CROMOLYN?
- DIPHENHYDRAMINE only BINDS to histamine receptors - CROMOLYN prevents the RELEASE of histamine --> better for allergic induced asthma
55
what is generally used for long term asthma treatment?
- glucocorticoids - leukotriene receptor antagonists - mast cell stabilizers - LABAs - methylxanthines - SABA for acute exacerbation
56
what is generally used for acute, severe exacerbations, esp if they dont respond to their SABA?
- oxygen - systemic glucocorticoid - SABA! - anticholinergic to enhance bronchodilation - sympathomimetic agents if nothing else works: epinephrine!
57
for COPD, what level should the oxygen level be and why?
no higher than ~92% (88-92) if higher it can make things worse
58
what do we use to reduce inflammation for COPD?
- LABA bronchodilators - LAMA anticholinergics - phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor
59
what do we not use now to reduce inflammation in COPD?
glucocorticoids
60
what do we use to clear mucus for COPD?
- expectorants: GUAIFENESIN - mucolytics: ACETYLCYSTEINE
61
what do we use for infection for COPD?
antibiotics
62
what is the example drug for phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors?
ROFLUMILAST
63
what is the route of ROFLUMILAST?
PO
64
what is the pharmacological action of ROFLUMILAST?
inhibits PED4 --> increase cAMP levels in lungs --> cAMP suppresses cytokine active + decrease immune cell penetration into lungs --> overall anti-inflammatory effect
65
what are the major adverse reactions to ROFLUMILAST?
- diarrhea - nausea - headache - psychiatric effects

nurs 366: pathopharm ii (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions