NEURO - seizure medications Flashcards
1st exemplar drug for traditional AEDs
PHENYTOIN
routes of PHENYTOIN
PO & IV
- IV drawn through a filter needle & given slow
uses for PHENYTOIN
control clonic-tonic & partial seziures
pharmacologic action of PHENYTOIN
inhibits influx of sodium into cells through sodium channels –> decreases activity of cells that could cause seizures
adverse reactions of PHENYTOIN
- CNS depression
- gingival hyperplasia
- rash
nursing interventions of PHENYTOIN
- monitor for excessive drowsiness
- monitor gums for rashes
client education for PHENYTOIN
- dont participate in activities that require mental alertness
- get regular dental check ups
- do not stop drug abruptly
interactions with PHENYTOIN
- DIAZEPAM, ISONIAZID, CIMETIDINE & VALPROIC ACID: increase levels of the drug
- alcohol can alter levels of PHENYTOIN
2nd exemplar drug for traditional AEDs
CARBAMAZEPINE
uses of CARBAMAZEPINE
controls clonic-tonic & partial seizures
pharmacologic action of CARBAMAZEPINE
inhibits influx of sodium into cells via sodium channels –> decrease activity of cells that could cause seizures
adverse reactions of CARBAMAZEPINE
- visual disturbances
- fluid retention
- skin rash
- photosensitivity
- bone marrow suppression
difference between PHENYTOIN & CARBAMAZEPINE
PHENYTOIN side effect – CNS depression
CARBAMAZEPINE side effect – anything else lol
nursing interventions of CARBAMAZEPINE
- monitor CBC
- assess for rash
- protect from sun exposure
client education with CARBAMAZEPINE
- take with meals
- do not mix suspension with other drugs
- take consistently
- do not discontinue suddenly (ween off)
interactions with CARBAMAZEPINE
- grapefruit juice increases levels
- decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives & can cause false negative pregnancy tests
exemplar drug for valproic acid
VALPROIC ACID
route of VALPROIC ACID
PO & IV
uses of VALPORIC ACID
helps to control tonic-clonic & partial seizures
pharmacologic action of VALPORIC ACID
- inhibits the influx of sodium into cells via sodium channels –> decrease of activity of cells that could cause seizures
- CAN ALSO INHIBIT INFLUX OF CALCIUM
adverse reactions of VALPORIC ACID
- GI upset
- bone marrow suppression (bruising, bleeding, etc)
- hepatotoxicity
nursing interventions of VALPORIC ACID
monitor for bone marrow suppression & hepatotoxicity
client education of VALPORIC ACID
- monitor for bruising, n/v & jaundice
- follow up frequently
interactions with VALPROIC ACID
increases levels of PHENYTOIN
