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nurs 366: pathopharm ii > NEURO - pain medications > Flashcards

NEURO - pain medications Flashcards

1
Q

exemplary drug for first generation NSAIDs

A

IBUPROFEN (aspirin can be in here)

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2
Q

route for IBUPROFREN

A

PO

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3
Q

reasons of use for IBUPROFEN

A

reduces inflammation & treats MILD pain

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4
Q

pharmacological action of IBUPROFEN

A

inhibits COX 1 & 2 –> inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (what perceives pain) –> reduces pain, inflammation & fever @ site of injury
- COX 2 is responsible for the responses we are trying to reduce
- non selective,

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5
Q

adverse reactions of IBUPROFEN

A

inhibiting COX 1: reduces gastric mucosa protection, decreased platelet aggregation & impaired renal perfusion
- risk for ulcers
- not for long term use, no high doses

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6
Q

nursing interventions for IBUPROFEN

A
  • monitor for bleeding – esp GI system
  • monitor for renal function
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7
Q

client education for IBUPROFEN

A
  • drug taken with food, milk or minimum of 8 oz of water to decrease GI effects
  • monitor for bleeding
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8
Q

interactions with IBUPROFEN

A

lithium: increase risk of nephrotoxicity

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9
Q

exemplary drug of second generation NSAIDs

A

CELECOXIB

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10
Q

route of CELECOXIB

A

PO

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11
Q

uses of CELECOXIB

A

reduce pain & inflammation

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12
Q

pharmacological action of CELECOXIB

A

inhibits production of JUST COX 2, inhibits prostaglandin synthesis –> reduced pain @ site of injury (fewer adverse effects than first gen NSAIDS)

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13
Q

adverse reactions of CELECOXIB

A
  • severe platelet aggregation & vasoconstriction –> HTN, stroke, & MI
  • diarrhea & gastric ulceration
  • teratogen
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14
Q

nursing interventions for CELECOXIB

A

monitor for CV & renal issues

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15
Q

client education for CELECOXIB

A
  • take with food
  • avoid alcohol
  • monitor for CV manifestations
  • must be prescribed
  • do not use long term
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16
Q

interactions with CELECOXIB

A
  • decrease diuretic effects of FUROSEMIDE
  • FLUCONAZOLE can increase CELECOXIB levels
  • decreases effects of ACE inhibitors
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17
Q

exemplary drug for acetaminophen

A

ACETAMINOPHEN

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18
Q

route for ACETAMINOPHEN

A

PO, IV & suppository

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19
Q

uses for ACETAMINOPHEN

A

reduces pain & fever

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20
Q

pharmacological action for ACETAMINOPHEN

A

COX inhibitors but specifically in the CNS
- DOES NOT relieve inflammation or alter platelet aggregation

21
Q

biggest difference with ACETAMINOPHEN, IBUPROFEN, & CELECOXIB

A

ACETAMINOPHEN inhibits COX in the CNS, NSAIDS inhibits COX in BODY

22
Q

adverse reactions of ACETAMINOPHEN

A

liver dysfunction

23
Q

nursing interventions for ACETAMINOPHEN

A

monitor for manifestations of liver failure

24
Q

client education for ACETAMINOPHEN

A
  • monitor for liver dysfunction
  • know importance of knowing what is in medications to ensure that there is not an accidental overdose
25
Q

interactions with ACETAMINOPHEN

A
  • alcohol: increases likelihood of liver dysfunction (bc they have the same enzymes)
  • increases action of warfarin
26
Q

exemplary drug for dual mechanism agents

A

TRAMADOL

27
Q

route for TRAMADOL

A

PO

28
Q

uses for TRAMADOL

A

relieves pain

29
Q

pharmacological action of TRAMADOL

A

binds to opioid receptors (Mu receptors) to mimic natural pain modulators –> blocks reuptake of norepinephrine & serotonin –> inhibit transmission of pain in spinal cord –> X feeling pain

30
Q

adverse reactions of TRAMADOL

A

when used in high doses:
- sedation
- nausea
- constipation
- seizures
- respiratory distress

31
Q

nursing interventions for TRAMADOL

A

monitor neurological status & respiratory status

32
Q

client education of TRAMADOL

A
  • won’t feel effects until 1 hour of administration
  • avoid activities that require mental alertness
  • monitor for constipation
33
Q

interactions with TRAMADOL

A
  • MAOIs: risk for HTN crisis
  • SSRIs, TCAs, & MAOIs: increase risk for serotonin syndrome

all block reuptake of serotonin & norepinephrine –> increase them in total

34
Q

exemplar drug for opioid agonist

A

MORPHINE

35
Q

routes for MORPHINE

A

PO, IV & IM

36
Q

uses for MORPHINE

A

relieves MODERATE to SEVERE pain

37
Q

pharmacologic action of MORPHINE

A

bind to Mu receptors on opioid receptor sites –> mimics actions of naturally occurring pain modulators (endorphins, enkephalin & opioids)

38
Q

adverse reactions of MORPHINE

A

euphora INTO:
- sedation
- respiratory depression
- dizziness
- constipation
- n/v
- urinary retention
- cough suppression

39
Q

nursing interventions for MORPHINE

A
  • monitor V/S (esp BP & RR)
  • monitor for constipation, nause & UOP
40
Q

client education for MORPHINE

A
  • opioids only be taken SHORT TERM
  • avoid when need to be mentally alert
  • take fiber (to decr constipation risk)
  • increase fluids
41
Q

interactions with MORPHINE

A
  • CNS depressants
  • anticholinergic agents
  • antihypertensives
42
Q

exemplar drug for opioids antagonist

A

NALOXONE

43
Q

routes for NALOXONE

A

IV, IM, SQ & intranasal

44
Q

uses for NALOXONE

A

reverse effects of opioids – respiratory depression & sedation

45
Q

pharmacologic action of NALOXONE

A

block opioid receptors –> keeps opioids from being able to act on those same receptors
- works immediately
- stops respiratory depression
- from sedation to consciousness

46
Q

adverse reactions of NALOXONE

A
  • increased HR & RR
  • dysrhythmias
  • severe agitation
  • RETURN OF PAIN!!!
47
Q

nursing interventions of NALOXONE

A

monitor VS - heart rhythm

48
Q

client education for NALOXONE

A

if client is awake - tell that pain will return

49
Q

interactions with NALOXONE

A

decreases effects of opioids

nurs 366: pathopharm ii (30 decks)

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