Respiratory Muscels Anatomy (thoracic Region)

Question 1

What are the 2 movements of the thoracic cage

Answer 1

Pump handle- when elevated anterior end of the rib moves forwards and upwards, anterior movement of sternum
Bucket handle- rotation of ribs increase of transverse diameter

Question 2

Which muscle groups are involved in respiration

Answer 2

Muscles of pharynx and larynx, muscles of the rib cage, thoracic spine and neck, muscles of abdominal wall and lumbar spine

Question 3

Origins, insertions and action of the diaphragm

Answer 3

Origin: Peripherally the diaphragm is attached to the xiphoïde process of the sternum, the costal margin of the thoracic wall, the ligaments that extend over the posterior aspect of the abdominal wall, vertebrae of the lumbar region
Insertion: central tendon of diaphragm
Function: core stability, may kind of active contraction. (Labour) helps when we are urinating or sick, primary function of breathing and inspiration

Question 4

Origins, insertions and action of the external intercostal muscles

Answer 4

Origin: attach to inferior Margin of the rib above
Insertions: superior margin of rib below
Most active during inspiration, work to stabilise chest wall so diaphragmatic contraction can create pressure change, move ribs superiorly

Question 5

Origins, Insertion and action of the internal intercostals

Answer 5

Origin: attach at lateral edge of costal groove of rib above
Insertions: superior margin of rib below, deep to attachment of external intercostal
Actions: most active during expiration, support intercostal space inferiorly

Question 6

Origins, insertions and action of the innermost intercostals

Answer 6

Origins: inferior margins and internal surfaces of costal cartilages of the 2-6th ribs and inferior aspect of deep surface of the body of sternum, xiphoid process
Insertions:costal cartilages of ribs 4-7
actio: within internal intercostal muscles, reduces thoracic volume by depressing rib cage, interchondral part elevates ribs

Question 7

What muscles are in the superficial layer

Answer 7

Trapezius, lat Dorsi, lev scapulae, rhomboids

Question 8

Origins, insertions, action and nerve supply of trapezius

Answer 8

Origin: medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, spinous processes c7-t12
Insertions: lat 1/3 of clavicle
Function: contributes to extension, side flexion of skeleton, counterbalance pull of gravity on head
Action: elevates shoulder girdle, rotates scapula upwards
Nerve supply:

Question 9

Origins, insertions and action of lev scapula

Answer 9

A posterior axio- appendicular muscle
Origin: posterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebrae 1-4
Insertion- margin of scapula between superior angle root of spine of scapula
Function: if scap is fixed a contraction of lev scap leads to lat flexion of cervical column, stabilises during rotation
Action: élevâtes scapula and tilts glénoïde cavity inferior.y by rotating scapula downwards

Question 10

Origins, insertions and actions of thoracic erector spinae group I.e illiocostalis, longissimus, spinalis deep to traps and rhomboids

Answer 10

Origins: lower 6 rib angles
Insertions: T11-L5 spinous processes, supra spinous/ sacro iliac ligaments, sacral crests, post part of iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
Actions: bilateral extension, control of flexion, maintenance of lumbar lordosis, unilateral, ipsilateral flexion and rotation

Question 11

Muscles in the transversospinalis group

Answer 11

Semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus

Question 12

Multifidus and rotatores

Answer 12

Bilateral contraction extends spine and unilateral contraction rotates vertebral column to opposite side, bilateral contraction pulls head posteriorly so does unilateral contraction but also rotates chin to same side as contracting muscle

Question 13

Erector spinae of the. C spine

Answer 13

Iliocostalis cervicis most lateral column on the muscle
Origin: T3-6 costal angles
Inserts: C4-6 transverse processes
Longissimus cervicis intermediate column
Originates from T1-t5 transverse processes
Inserts: C6-c2 transverse processes
Spinalis cervicis most medial column
Origins: lower part of ligamentum nuchae and c7
Inserts: spinous processes of c2
Extension of neck particularly from returning from flexed, working unilaterally produces side flexion