Respiratory Micro- Debiel/Zimmer Flashcards
What is the point of the turbinate bones (Baffle plates)?
Force air to swirl as it passes over them, causing potential pathogens to make contact with nasal mucus
Are bacteria or viruses more common in causing upper respiratory tract infecitons?
VIRUSES! By far!!
What is the mucociliary escalator?
What are its 2 basic parts?
covers most of the bronchi, bronchioles, and nose
- Mucus-producing goblet cells
- Ciliated epithelium
What do the ciliated epithelium do?
Continually beat, pushing mucus up and out into the thorat
Describe the pathogenesis of rhinovirus and how that can lead to a bacterial sinusitis
- virus binds to ICAM-1 on upper respiratory epithelial cells
- Replicates inside cells and spreads to surrounding tissues without killing it
- Local inflammation causes exudate and increased ICAM-1 expression
- Actually ENHANCES ability of virus to spread and causes further infection
- Exudate produces blocks air passageways which can lead to bacterial sinusitis or otitis media
What is sinusitis?
A bacterial secondary infection (a complication of a viral infection)
Common cold lasts what duration?
One week or less!
What are the two common causes of sinusitis?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. Haemophilus influenzae
In what age group is Strep Pyogenes the most common cause of pharyngitis?
age 5-15 strep pyogenes is the most common cause, followed by viruses
Describe the pathogenesis of rhinovirus and how that can lead to a bacterial sinusitis
- virus binds to ICAM-1 on upper respiratory epithelial cells
- Replicates inside cells and spreads to surrounding tissues without killing it
- Local inflammation causes exudate and increased ICAM-1 expression
- Actually ENHANCES ability of virus to spread and causes further infection
- Exudate produces blocks air passageways which can lead to bacterial sinusitis or otitis media
What are the the 2 important bacterial infections for Pharyngitis?
S. pyogenes
C. diptheriae
What bug causes pneumonia in kids and a moderately severe common cold in adults?
Paramyxovirus (Parainfluenza virus)
Describe the viral characteristics of Rhinovirus?
RNA
Icosahedral nucleocapsid
Nonenveloped
+ssRNA nonsegmented (class IV)
What are the most common causes of aseptic meningitis?
Coxsackievirus
Echovirus
Mumps virus
When do symptoms reach their peak post-infection?
2-5 days
At what point are cells completely regenerated post Rhinovirus infection?
14 days
What is the most common cause of pneumonia in young children?
What does this cause in adults?
Paramyxovirus (Parainfluenza)
Moderately severe Common Cold
Describe the viral characteristics of Rhinovirus?
RNA
Icosahedral nucleocapsid
+ssRNA (class IV)
What are the 2 most common causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?
Strep pneumo
H. influenzae
What are the most common causes of palm and sole rash?
Syphillis
RMSF
Coxsackievirus
What are the most common causes of conjunctivitis?
H. influenzae
Adenovirus
S. pneumo
What is the only DNA virus that causes Common Cold?
Adenovirus
What is the treatment for bacterial Rhinosinusitis?
Amoxicillin or azithromycin
What are the 2 most common causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?
Strep pneumo
H. influenzae