Autonomic Pharmacology Resp- Trachte Flashcards
What is released from preganglionic sympathetic nerves? What receptor does it bind to?
ACh on nicotinic receptors
what does activation of alpha 1 receptor do?
Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
Epi=NE»_space;> isoproterenol
DOES NOT AFFECT BRONCHIOLES
What can an alpha 1 agonist due in response to cold?
Constriction of smooth vasculature can be used for decongestion
What does activation of B2 receptor do?
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Iso > Epi»_space;» NE
Epi is the natural stimulus for B2 receptor activation
What is released from preganglionic parasympathetic nerves? what receptor does it bind to?
ACh on nicotinic receptors
What is released from postganglionic parasympathetic nerves? what receptor does it bind to?
ACh on muscarinic receptors
What effect does activating a muscarinic receptor have?
Bronchial constriction
Increased secretions
How would a muscarinic antagonist affect secretion production?
A muscarinic antagonist would decreased production of secretions
What is the most effective therpay for acute bronchospasm?
B2 agonist
Metaproterenol
Terbutaline
Albuterol
Metaproterenol
B2 agonist
Terbutaline
B2 agonist
Albuterol
B2 agonist
Slameterol
long acting B2 agonist
What are the major sideeffects of B2 agonists?
Tachycarida and palpitations (B1 stimulation)
Tremor (skeletal muscle B2 stimulation)
Headache (vasodilation in CNS)
How often should a patient with well controlled asthma be using a short-acting B2 agonist?
only twice per week (not counting uses for exercise)
Epinerphrine
Acts to relax broncioles by binding B2
ONLY USE FOR ANAPHYLAXIS
Isoproterenol
Synthetic catecholamine stimulating B receptors
Relaxes bronchioles (B2)
Ephedrine
Reverses axoplasmic NE pump - releases NE
Cardio- increases BP
Resp- relaxes bronchioles
Constricts vasculature- used as decongestant
Pseudoephedrine
Stereoisomer of ephedrine commonly used to treat nasal congestion
Constricts vasculature
Phenylephrine
direct alpha 1 agonist
Constricts vasculature- used as decongestent
Ipratropium
Muscarinic antagonist
Bronchodilator for chornic obstructive pulmonary disease
Tiotropium
Long acting muscarinic antagonist
Bronchodilator for COPD
What are the recommended treatments for COPD?
- Short acting B2 agonist
- Long acting B2 agonist
- Long acting muscarinic antagonist
- Glucocorticoids (fluticasone, budesonide)
Pulmonary Side effect of propranolol?
B-blockers
Increase airway resistance, particularly in asthmatics (B2 antagonism)
Bethanecol MOA, and what is the pulmonary side effect?
Muscarinic agonist- can cause bronchoconstriction
Neostigmine MOA, and what is the pulmonary side effect?
Anticholinesterase- potentiates acetylocholine actions on muscarinic receptors to cause bronchoconstriction
Terazosin MOA, and what is the pulmonary side effect?
alpha 1 antagonist- can causes mucosal congestion
Guanethidine MOA, and what is the pulmonary side effect?
NE-depleting agents- can causes mucosal stuffiness
Lisinopril MOA, and what is the pulmonary side effect?
ACE inhibitor- can cause cough and angioedema
