Autonomic Pharmacology Resp- Trachte

Question 1

What is released from preganglionic sympathetic nerves? What receptor does it bind to?

Answer 1

ACh on nicotinic receptors

Question 2

what does activation of alpha 1 receptor do?

Answer 2

Contraction of vascular smooth muscle

Epi=NE&raquo_space;> isoproterenol

DOES NOT AFFECT BRONCHIOLES

Question 3

What can an alpha 1 agonist due in response to cold?

Answer 3

Constriction of smooth vasculature can be used for decongestion

Question 4

What does activation of B2 receptor do?

Answer 4

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

Iso > Epi&raquo_space;» NE

Epi is the natural stimulus for B2 receptor activation

Question 5

What is released from preganglionic parasympathetic nerves? what receptor does it bind to?

Answer 5

ACh on nicotinic receptors

Question 6

What is released from postganglionic parasympathetic nerves? what receptor does it bind to?

Answer 6

ACh on muscarinic receptors

Question 7

What effect does activating a muscarinic receptor have?

Answer 7

Bronchial constriction

Increased secretions

Question 8

How would a muscarinic antagonist affect secretion production?

Answer 8

A muscarinic antagonist would decreased production of secretions

Question 9

What is the most effective therpay for acute bronchospasm?

Answer 9

B2 agonist

Metaproterenol
Terbutaline
Albuterol

Question 10

Metaproterenol

Answer 10

B2 agonist

Question 11

Terbutaline

Answer 11

B2 agonist

Question 12

Albuterol

Answer 12

B2 agonist

Question 13

Slameterol

Answer 13

long acting B2 agonist

Question 14

What are the major sideeffects of B2 agonists?

Answer 14

Tachycarida and palpitations (B1 stimulation)

Tremor (skeletal muscle B2 stimulation)

Headache (vasodilation in CNS)

Question 15

How often should a patient with well controlled asthma be using a short-acting B2 agonist?

Answer 15

only twice per week (not counting uses for exercise)

Question 16

Epinerphrine

Answer 16

Acts to relax broncioles by binding B2

ONLY USE FOR ANAPHYLAXIS

Question 17

Isoproterenol

Answer 17

Synthetic catecholamine stimulating B receptors

Relaxes bronchioles (B2)

Question 18

Ephedrine

Answer 18

Reverses axoplasmic NE pump - releases NE

Cardio- increases BP
Resp- relaxes bronchioles

Constricts vasculature- used as decongestant

Question 19

Pseudoephedrine

Answer 19

Stereoisomer of ephedrine commonly used to treat nasal congestion

Constricts vasculature

Question 20

Phenylephrine

Answer 20

direct alpha 1 agonist

Constricts vasculature- used as decongestent

Question 21

Ipratropium

Answer 21

Muscarinic antagonist

Bronchodilator for chornic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 22

Tiotropium

Answer 22

Long acting muscarinic antagonist

Bronchodilator for COPD

Question 23

What are the recommended treatments for COPD?

Answer 23

1. Short acting B2 agonist
2. Long acting B2 agonist
3. Long acting muscarinic antagonist
4. Glucocorticoids (fluticasone, budesonide)

Question 24

Pulmonary Side effect of propranolol?

Answer 24

B-blockers

Increase airway resistance, particularly in asthmatics (B2 antagonism)

Question 25

Bethanecol MOA, and what is the pulmonary side effect?

Answer 25

Muscarinic agonist- can cause bronchoconstriction

Question 26

Neostigmine MOA, and what is the pulmonary side effect?

Answer 26

Anticholinesterase- potentiates acetylocholine actions on muscarinic receptors to cause bronchoconstriction

Question 27

Terazosin MOA, and what is the pulmonary side effect?

Answer 27

alpha 1 antagonist- can causes mucosal congestion

Question 28

Guanethidine MOA, and what is the pulmonary side effect?

Answer 28

NE-depleting agents- can causes mucosal stuffiness

Question 29

Lisinopril MOA, and what is the pulmonary side effect?

Answer 29

ACE inhibitor- can cause cough and angioedema