Pharmacology 2- Regal/Trachte Flashcards
Diphenhydramine
-First gen. antihistamine
Blocks H1, muscarinic, alpha adrenergic, and serotonin receptors
-Low incidence of GI side effects
-Sedation!!!
Chlorpheniramine
-First gen. antihistamine
Blocks H1, muscarinic, alpha adrenergic, and serotonin receptors
-Most suitable for day time use
What are the 2 first generation anti-histamines we need to know?
Diphenhydramine
Chlorpheniramine
Cetirizine
Second gen. antihistamine → blocks H1
Minimal anticholinergic properties
Do not cause sedation and drying of secretions (less penetration into CNS)
Not cardiotoxic
Fexofenadine
Second gen. antihistamine → blocks H1
Minimal anticholinergic properties
Do not cause sedation and drying of secretions (less penetration into CNS)
Not cardiotoxic
Loratadine
Second gen. antihistamine → blocks H1
Minimal anticholinergic properties
Do not cause sedation and drying of secretions (less penetration into CNS)
Not cardiotoxic
What are the 3 second generation anti-histamine drugs?
Cetirizine
Fexofenadine
Loratadine
Why is it that second generation anti-histamines are non-sedating?
They have an affinity for P-glycoprotein efflux pump in brain, and get pumped out of the CNS
Why is it that second generation anti-histamines do not cause drying secretions?
They have minimal anticholinergic properties
Theophylline
MOA is controversial
Adenosine antagonist
Inhibits phosphodiesterase (inhibits cAMP to AMP) causing bronchodilation
Narrow TI! Cardiotoxic and Neurotoxic
Caffeine part of this class
Albuterol
Short acting B2 agonist
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle during acute asthma exacerbation
Salmeterol
Long-acting B2 agonist for prophylaxis.
Adverse effects are tremor and arrhythmia
Zileuton
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
Stops conversion of AA to leukotrienes
Zafirlukast
blocks leukotriene receptor CysLT1, especially good for aspirin-induced asthma
Montelukast
blocks leukotriene receptor CysLT1, especially good for aspirin-induced asthma
