Respiratory Infections Flashcards
What are some Upper Respiratory Tract Infections bacterium?
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
- Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)
- Bordetella pertusis
- Corynebacterium diptheria
- Haemophilus influenza
- Oral Spirochaetes & Fusobacteria necrophorum
What is Whooping cough and what bacterium causes it?
- Highly contagious, life threatening disease
- Bordetella pertusis small Gm-ve cocci
• Infection by exposure to infected individual
What are Whooping cough symptoms?
- Severe coughing episodes
- Shortness of breath during coughing
- Nocturnal coughing
- Tingling sensation in back of throat
- Post-tussive vomiting
What is Bordetella pertussis and how doe it attach to tracheal epithelial cells?
Enters via respiratory tract
Attachment to ciliated epithelial cells of respiratory tract
Attaches due to Pertactin (PRN)
- Outer membrane protein
- Promotes attachment to tracheal epithelial cells
What is Diptheris and what causes it?
Diptheria (throat & pharynx) is a Life threatening disease
- Cause toxigenic Corynebacterium diptheriae
- Gm +ve bacilli
How do you treat Corynebacterium diptheriae Disease is Diptheria?
Administer Penicillin or Erythromycin to eliminate bacteria
What can Haemophilus influenza cause?
- Epiglotitis
- Bacteremia
- Sinusitis
- Tracheobronchitis
- Pneumoniae
- Cellulitis
- Septicaemia
• Meningitis
What is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia
An acute inflammation of the lungs, often caused by inhaled pneumococci of the species Streptococcus pneumoniae.
The alveoli and bronchiles of the lung become plugged with a fibrous exudate.
What are some Streptococcus pneumoniae characteristics?
- Deoxycholate (bile) sensitivity
- Optochin sensitivity
- Draughtsman like colonies
- Diplococci
- Gm +ve staining
How is Tuberculosis caused?
Inhalation (3 bacteria)
What happend in Tuberculosis?
- Bacilli inhaled into the alveoli and ingested by macrophages
- Bacilli multiply in macrophages & more macrophage migrate to the site of infection
- After several weeks, macrophages die releasing Mycobacteria and forming caseous centre surrounded by mass of macrophages & lymphocytes Disease dormant
- Mature Tubercle formed Outer firm layer of fibroblasts Caseous centre enlarges by liquefaction Forming cavity in which bacilli multiply
- Tubercle ruptures Bacilli spill into bronchiole & are disseminated throughout the body
What is oral Tuberculosis clinical features?
Primary infection usually in lungs
Ulceration and pain are common
Tongue is most common site for lesion
