Respiratory Imaging

Question 1

Specialists Imaging methods

Answer 1

Computed Tomography(CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Advance Ultrasound with doppler flow imaging

Question 2

Non specialists Imaging methods

Answer 2

Radiography and ultrasound

Question 3

How to overcome radiographs problem of not showing all infomation

Answer 3

More than one position for more accurate assessment

Question 4

How does Radiography work

Answer 4

uses X rays, Projected towards and object and some radiation is absorbed or scattered by tissue then radiation passes through and captured by detector

Question 5

Shadow Image

Answer 5

Take more than one view (termed orthogonal view) to avoid misinterpreting something

Question 6

Common image positions for thoracic cavity

Answer 6

Lateral view, Ventrodorsal View

Question 7

5 radiographic densities

Answer 7

(insert image)

Question 8

Radiopaque

Answer 8

Bone and metal- scatter/absorb so appear bright

Question 9

Radiolucent

Answer 9

Less dense tissues- pass through, appear dark

Question 10

Radiographs are negative images

Answer 10

Lightest parts of images appear darkest

Question 11

Species differences - cats

Answer 11

Narrow and triangular thorax, Heart is smaller and tends to be longer than it is wide

Question 12

Species difference - reptiles

Answer 12

(insert image)

Question 13

Species difference - birds

Answer 13

(insert image)

Question 14

When is Ultrasound used

Answer 14

cant be sedated and help to localise issues also to check moving parts and fluids

Question 15

What is Echocardiography

Answer 15

Non invasive ultrasound- size, shape, position of heart, cardiac contractions, valve movements, blood flow, static photos and video loops

Question 16

Ultrasound basics

Answer 16

Prove placed on chest wall emits pulses of ultrasonic wave and probe acts as receiver to detect sound waves reflected back, different tissues reflect sound waves of varying strength to create 2D view of tissue

Question 17

Ultrasound allows for

Answer 17

Measurements to be taken and visulising movement of tissues

Question 18

Echogenicity

Answer 18

Different tissue densities have a different appearance on ultrasonographic images

Question 19

Echogenicity tissue colors

Answer 19

Bones, fat and stones produce a hyperechoic signal- bright white signal (most waves reflected)
Cartilage and muscle produce a hypoechoic signal- dark grey (most waves pass)
Fluid structure produce a anechoic signal - black ( no waves reflected)

Question 20

Fluid structure echogenicity

Answer 20

Fluid structure produce a anechoic signal - black ( no waves reflected)

Question 21

Cartilage and muscle echogenicity

Answer 21

Cartilage and muscle produce a hypoechoic signal- dark grey (most waves pass)

Question 22

Bones, fat and stones echogenicity

Answer 22

Bones, fat and stones produce a hyperechoic signal- bright white signal (most waves reflected)

Question 23

Doppler imaging

Answer 23

When a Structure moves relative to the source of sound, frequency of echo changes called doppler shift.

Question 24

Doppler imaging uses

Answer 24

Speed, direction and volume of blood flow to be calculated

Question 25

Example of intrinsic influence of reparatory health

Answer 25

congenital disease

Question 26

Thyroids 3 hormones

Answer 26

Thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyrocalcitonin

Question 27

Example of extrinsic influence of reparatory health

Answer 27

Overcrowding

Question 28

Mucocilliary clearance

Answer 28

Mucociliary clearance is the directional removal of inhaled pathogens or particles

Question 29

Why are brachycephalic animals are more risk of respiratory problems

Answer 29

They have a high incidence of anatomical abnormalities at multiple sites

Question 30

What is the impact of physiological and emotional stress on respiratory health

Answer 30

Limiting both physiological and emotional stress has a beneficial effect on respiratory health