Respiratory Imaging Flashcards
Specialists Imaging methods
Computed Tomography(CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Advance Ultrasound with doppler flow imaging
Non specialists Imaging methods
Radiography and ultrasound
How to overcome radiographs problem of not showing all infomation
More than one position for more accurate assessment
How does Radiography work
uses X rays, Projected towards and object and some radiation is absorbed or scattered by tissue then radiation passes through and captured by detector
Shadow Image
Take more than one view (termed orthogonal view) to avoid misinterpreting something
Common image positions for thoracic cavity
Lateral view, Ventrodorsal View
5 radiographic densities
(insert image)- Air, fat, soft tissue, bone, metal
Radiopaque
Bone and metal- scatter/absorb so appear bright
Radiolucent
Less dense tissues- pass through, appear dark
Explain what ‘Radiographs are negative images’ means
Lightest parts of images appear darkest
Species differences - cats
Narrow and triangular thorax, Heart is smaller and tends to be longer than it is wide
Species difference - reptiles
(insert image)
Species difference - birds
(insert image)
When is Ultrasound used
cant be sedated and help to localise issues also to check moving parts and fluids
What is Echocardiography
Non invasive ultrasound- size, shape, position of heart, cardiac contractions, valve movements, blood flow, static photos and video loops
Ultrasound basics
Prove placed on chest wall emits pulses of ultrasonic wave and probe acts as receiver to detect sound waves reflected back, different tissues reflect sound waves of varying strength to create 2D view of tissue
Ultrasound allows for
Measurements to be taken and visulising movement of tissues
Echogenicity
Different tissue densities have a different appearance on ultrasonographic images
Echogenicity tissue colors
Bones, fat and stones produce a hyperechoic signal- bright white signal (most waves reflected)
Cartilage and muscle produce a hypoechoic signal- dark grey (most waves pass)
Fluid structure produce a anechoic signal - black ( no waves reflected)
Fluid structure echogenicity
Fluid structure produce a anechoic signal - black ( no waves reflected)
Cartilage and muscle echogenicity
Cartilage and muscle produce a hypoechoic signal- dark grey (most waves pass)
Bones, fat and stones echogenicity
Bones, fat and stones produce a hyperechoic signal- bright white signal (most waves reflected)
Doppler imaging
When a Structure moves relative to the source of sound, frequency of echo changes called doppler shift.
Doppler imaging uses
Speed, direction and volume of blood flow to be calculated
Example of intrinsic influence of reparatory health
congenital disease
Thyroids 3 hormones
Thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyrocalcitonin
Example of extrinsic influence of reparatory health
Overcrowding
Mucocilliary clearance
Mucociliary clearance is the directional removal of inhaled pathogens or particles
Why are brachycephalic animals are more risk of respiratory problems
They have a high incidence of anatomical abnormalities at multiple sites
What is the impact of physiological and emotional stress on respiratory health
Limiting both physiological and emotional stress has a beneficial effect on respiratory health
