Respiratory anatomy

Question 1

Parts in upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

Nose,pharynx,larynx,trachea

Question 2

Parts in lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

Lungs,Bronchi,Bronchioles,Alveoli

Question 3

What are the 3 conchae/turbinates

Answer 3

Vental,dorsal,caudal/ethmoidal

Question 4

Structure of ventral concha

Answer 4

arises scrolls of bone and narrows rostrally as alar fold

Question 5

Structure of dorsal concha

Answer 5

Arises from nasal bone and widens towards ethmoid bone caudally

Question 6

Structure of ethmoid concha

Answer 6

Covered with olfactory mucosa and much larger and attached to ethmoid bone

Question 7

Name the 4 meatus

Answer 7

Dorsal,middle,ventral,common

Question 8

Why might conchae be bone

Answer 8

keep airways open more easily as cant swell in infection

Question 9

What is meatus

Answer 9

Spaces between the coiled bones(conchae) allow passage of air

Question 10

What is Conchae/turbinates

Answer 10

Coiled Bones in nasal cavity to increase surface area for humidification and warming of air

Question 11

Why are conchae/turbinate coiled

Answer 11

Increase Surface area-more mucosal/epithelial lining

Question 12

Name 2 paired/paranasal sinuses in dogs

Answer 12

Maxillary and frontal

Question 13

What does the maxillary sinus do

Answer 13

communicates freely with the nasal cavity

Question 14

What do paranasal sinuses do

Answer 14

Hollow areas that are extension of the nasal cavity
Lined with nonolfactory epithelium
sometimes absent in brachycephalic dogs

Question 15

Function of sinuses

Answer 15

unknown-reduce weight of skull,protection of skull, affect resonance of voice,
ethmoturbinates within sinuses used to increase Surface area for olfaction

Question 16

Function of conchae

Answer 16

warm and humidify air

Question 17

Specialised function of ehtmoidal conchae/turbinates

Answer 17

olfactory region- for sense of smell

Question 18

Issues that could arise of nasal cavity only separated from oral cavity by thin plate of bone

Answer 18

Infection or abscesses within tooth roots could break into maxillary and cause more infection
Sinusitis could impact tooth roots in some cases

Question 19

What does frontal sinus do

Answer 19

Contains ethmoturbinates-covered with olfactory mucosa
Largest and most important
Communicates with nasal cavity via nasofrontal openings

Question 20

Why might orthopnoea (mouth breathing) occur and what is benefit

Answer 20

Strenuous exercise or condition to impact flow of air in nasal cavity
Benefit-more air

Question 21

When may epiglottis need to cover laryngeal inlet

Answer 21

During swallowing to prevent food/liquid entering respiratory tract

Question 22

Clinical relevance of knowing root of the tongue connect to hyoid apparatus

Answer 22

Intubation-pull tongue forward to open laryngeal inlet so tube can be placed

Question 23

Why cartilage in trachea

Answer 23

So remains permanently open and flexible

Question 24

Why no cartilage dorsally and instead muscle

Answer 24

To allow food boluses to pass in the oesophogus and means oesophagus can expand into trachea with fully compromising airway

Question 25

What is the tracheal bifurcation called

Answer 25

Carina

Question 26

3 parts of mediastinum

Answer 26

Cranial, Middle, Caudal

Question 27

3 aperture/holes of the diaphragm

Answer 27

Caval foramem, oesophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus

Question 28

What is caval foramen for

Answer 28

Most ventral, Passage of caudal vena cava

Question 29

What is Oesophageal hiatus for

Answer 29

More central, passage of oesophagus and vagal nerve trunks

Question 30

What is aortic hiatus for

Answer 30

Dorsally, descending aorta, azygous vein and thoracic duct

Question 31

Expiration muscles

Answer 31

Internal intercostal muscles Transverus thoracis muscle

Question 32

Inspiration muscles

Answer 32

External intercostal muscle

Question 33

What salivary gland is located between the two branches of the external jugular vein at its bifurcation

Answer 33

Submandibular salivary gland

Question 34

What salivary gland located at base of the ear ajacent to maxillary brach of jugular vein

Answer 34

Parotid salivary gland

Question 35

What are 2 branches of jugular vein in dogs

Answer 35

Maxillary and linguofacial veins

Question 36

In relation to trachea where is common carotid artery located in dogs

Answer 36

Lateral and slightly dorsal to the trachea in the cervical region

Question 37

Describe position of thyroid gland relative to trachea in dosg

Answer 37

Positioned laterally near the 5th and 8th tracheal rings

Question 38

Name of furrow where jugular vein can be palpated

Answer 38

Jugular furrow

Question 39

Name structures contained within carotid sheath in dogs

Answer 39

Common carotid artery, vagosympathetic trunk, internal jugular vein, tracheal lymphatic duct

Question 40

Costal cartilages of what number ribs are fused to form costal arch

Answer 40

10th to 12th rub

Question 41

Do all ribs join the sternum

Answer 41

No 13th is floating rib

Question 42

What names are given to most cranial and most caudal sternebrae

Answer 42

Cranial-manubrium caudal- xiphoid cartilage

Question 43

Name given to pleura that covers thoracic wall and pleura that covers lungs

Answer 43

thoracic-parietal pleura lungs-visceral pleura

Question 44

part of which lobe can be seen from the left through caudal mediastinum

Answer 44

accessory lobe

Question 45

Name given to the partition between the principal bronchi from trachea

Answer 45

Carina

Question 46

Purpose of nasal mucosa

Answer 46

Warms and cleanses inspired air

Question 47

What bony structure makes boundary of thoracic inlet

Answer 47

First thoracic vertebra dorsally, first ribs and costal cartilages laterally, first sternebra(manubrium) ventrally_

Question 48

Differences can you feel between the cranial and caudal thoracic vetebra

Answer 48

Longer dorsal processes more cranially

Question 49

How many thoracic veterbrae and ribs are there in dogs

Answer 49

13

Question 50

Describe features of external intercostal muscles

Answer 50

Fibers run caudoventrally from caudal border of one rib to the cranial border of the rib behind in ventral direction/angle The are on the outside

Question 51

Describe features of internal intercostal muscles

Answer 51

Fibers run cranioventrally form the cranial border of one rib to the caudal border of the rib in front of it in ventral direction/angle. They are on the inside