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Cardiology/Respiratory > Respiratory anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Parts in upper respiratory tract

A

Nose,pharynx,larynx,trachea

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2
Q

Parts in lower respiratory tract

A

Lungs,Bronchi,Bronchioles,Alveoli

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3
Q

What are the 3 conchae/turbinates

A

Vental,dorsal,caudal/ethmoidal

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4
Q

Structure of ventral concha

A

arises scrolls of bone and narrows rostrally as alar fold

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5
Q

Structure of dorsal concha

A

Arises from nasal bone and widens towards ethmoid bone caudally

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6
Q

Structure of ethmoid concha

A

Covered with olfactory mucosa and much larger and attached to ethmoid bone

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7
Q

Name the 4 meatus

A

Dorsal,middle,ventral,common

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8
Q

Why might conchae be bone

A

keep airways open more easily as cant swell in infection

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9
Q

What is meatus

A

Spaces between the coiled bones(conchae) allow passage of air

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10
Q

What is Conchae/turbinates

A

Coiled Bones in nasal cavity to increase surface area for humidification and warming of air

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11
Q

Why are conchae/turbinate coiled

A

Increase Surface area-more mucosal/epithelial lining

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12
Q

Name 2 paired/paranasal sinuses in dogs

A

Maxillary and frontal

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13
Q

What does the maxillary sinus do

A

communicates freely with the nasal cavity

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14
Q

What do paranasal sinuses do

A

Hollow areas that are extension of the nasal cavity
Lined with nonolfactory epithelium
sometimes absent in brachycephalic dogs

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15
Q

Function of sinuses

A

unknown-reduce weight of skull,protection of skull, affect resonance of voice,
ethmoturbinates within sinuses used to increase Surface area for olfaction

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16
Q

Function of conchae

A

warm and humidify air

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17
Q

Specialised function of ehtmoidal conchae/turbinates

A

olfactory region- for sense of smell

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18
Q

Issues that could arise of nasal cavity only separated from oral cavity by thin plate of bone

A

Infection or abscesses within tooth roots could break into maxillary and cause more infection
Sinusitis could impact tooth roots in some cases

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19
Q

What does frontal sinus do

A

Contains ethmoturbinates-covered with olfactory mucosa
Largest and most important
Communicates with nasal cavity via nasofrontal openings

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20
Q

Why might orthopnoea (mouth breathing) occur and what is benefit

A

Strenuous exercise or condition to impact flow of air in nasal cavity
Benefit-more air

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21
Q

When may epiglottis need to cover laryngeal inlet

A

During swallowing to prevent food/liquid entering respiratory tract

22
Q

Clinical relevance of knowing root of the tongue connect to hyoid apparatus

A

Intubation-pull tongue forward to open laryngeal inlet so tube can be placed

23
Q

Why cartilage in trachea

A

So remains permanently open and flexible

24
Q

Why no cartilage dorsally and instead muscle

A

To allow food boluses to pass in the oesophogus and means oesophagus can expand into trachea with fully compromising airway

25
Q

What is the tracheal bifurcation called

A

Carina

26
Q

3 parts of mediastinum

A

Cranial, Middle, Caudal

27
Q

3 aperture/holes of the diaphragm

A

Caval foramem, oesophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus

28
Q

What is caval foramen for

A

Most ventral, Passage of caudal vena cava

29
Q

What is Oesophageal hiatus for

A

More central, passage of oesophagus and vagal nerve trunks

30
Q

What is aortic hiatus for

A

Dorsally, descending aorta, azygous vein and thoracic duct

31
Q

Expiration muscles

A

Internal intercostal muscles
Transverus thoracis muscle

32
Q

Inspiration muscles

A

External intercostal muscle

33
Q

What salivary gland is located between the two branches of the external jugular vein at its bifurcation

A

Submandibular salivary gland

34
Q

What salivary gland located at base of the ear ajacent to maxillary brach of jugular vein

A

Parotid salivary gland

35
Q

What are 2 branches of jugular vein in dogs

A

Maxillary and linguofacial veins

36
Q

In relation to trachea where is common carotid artery located in dogs

A

Lateral and slightly dorsal to the trachea in the cervical region

37
Q

Describe position of thyroid gland relative to trachea in dosg

A

Positioned laterally near the 5th and 8th tracheal rings

38
Q

Name of furrow where jugular vein can be palpated

A

Jugular furrow

39
Q

Name structures contained within carotid sheath in dogs

A

Common carotid artery, vagosympathetic trunk, internal jugular vein, tracheal lymphatic duct

40
Q

Costal cartilages of what number ribs are fused to form costal arch

A

10th to 12th rub

41
Q

Do all ribs join the sternum

A

No 13th is floating rib

42
Q

What names are given to most cranial and most caudal sternebrae

A

Cranial-manubrium
caudal- xiphoid cartilage

43
Q

Name given to pleura that covers thoracic wall and pleura that covers lungs

A

thoracic-parietal pleura
lungs-visceral pleura

44
Q

part of which lobe can be seen from the left through caudal mediastinum

A

accessory lobe

45
Q

Name given to the partition between the principal bronchi from trachea

A

Carina

46
Q

Purpose of nasal mucosa

A

Warms and cleanses inspired air

47
Q

What bony structure makes boundary of thoracic inlet

A

First thoracic vertebra dorsally, first ribs and costal cartilages laterally, first sternebra(manubrium) ventrally_

48
Q

Differences can you feel between the cranial and caudal thoracic vetebra

A

Longer dorsal processes more cranially

49
Q

How many thoracic veterbrae and ribs are there in dogs

A

13

50
Q

Describe features of external intercostal muscles

A

Fibers run caudoventrally from caudal border of one rib to the cranial border of the rib behind in ventral direction/angle
The are on the outside

51
Q

Describe features of internal intercostal muscles

A

Fibers run cranioventrally form the cranial border of one rib to the caudal border of the rib in front of it in ventral direction/angle.
They are on the inside

Cardiology/Respiratory (6 decks)

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