Cardiac rate and rhythm

Question 1

SAN role

Answer 1

Start Action potential

Question 2

AVN role

Answer 2

Propogation of action potential

Question 3

Bundle of His role

Answer 3

Carries signal through septum

Question 4

Purkinjie fibres role

Answer 4

Carries signal within ventricles

Question 5

Sinus rhythm

Answer 5

Normal heart rhythm

Question 6

Arrythmia

Answer 6

Abnormal rhythm

Question 7

P wave

Answer 7

Atria depolarisation then atrial contraction

Question 8

P-R

Answer 8

time between atrial and ventrical depolarisation

Question 9

QRS wave

Answer 9

ventricular depolarization leading to ventricular contraction

Question 10

T wave

Answer 10

Ventricular repolarisation during diastole

Question 11

Diastole

Answer 11

refill

Question 12

Systole

Answer 12

contraction

Question 13

Lub sound (S1)

Answer 13

closure of AV valves at start of systole

Question 14

Dub sound (S2)

Answer 14

closure of Semilunar valves (aortic/pulmonary) at end of systole

Question 15

Diastole reference to lub-dub

Answer 15

Period between end of S2 and start of S1

Question 16

Animals for S3 and S4 sounds

Answer 16

Large only

Question 17

S3 sound

Answer 17

filling of ventricles after s2

Question 18

S4 sound

Answer 18

Atrial contraction before s1

Question 19

How is Heart rate measure

Answer 19

beats per minute, number of lub-dubs heard per minute

Question 20

Tachycardia

Answer 20

Increased heart rate above normal

Question 21

Bradycardia

Answer 21

Deacreased heart rate below normal

Question 22

Average heart rate of dog

Answer 22

60-140bpm

Question 23

What is pulse

Answer 23

Palpable expansion of Artery as blood passes

Question 24

Normal Blood flow

Answer 24

Blood flows in a smooth, laminar fashion in a single direction and is silent

Question 25

What is a Murmur

Answer 25

Turbulent flow of blood where blood moves in multiple directions, varying velocities at the same time

Question 26

Murmur grades

Answer 26

Grade 1-6 1 is quiet and 6 is loud

Question 27

Systolic murmurs

Answer 27

S1=>S2

Question 28

Diastolic murmurs

Answer 28

S2=>S1

Question 29

Apical murmurs

Answer 29

Apex of heart and associated with mitral and tricuspid valve

Question 30

Basilar Murmurs

Answer 30

Base of the heart and associated with aortic and pulmonic valves

Question 31

Wiggers Diagram

Answer 31

(insert picture)

Question 32

Intrinsic factors examples

Answer 32

Congenital diseases-present from birth(genetic), Developmental diseases- appears as animal grows(specific breeds of animal)

Question 33

Intrinsic factors

Answer 33

Factors related to the animal itself

Question 34

Extrinsic factors

Answer 34

Factors which occur outside of the animal

Question 35

Extrinsic factors examples

Answer 35

Husbandry and environmental factors e.g. incorrect diet can lead to cardiac diseases

Question 36

What affects impulse generation of SAN

Answer 36

Autonomic nervous system(ANS) and/or adrenaline

Question 37

What affects Heart Rate

Answer 37

Impulse generation of SAN

Question 38

Sympathetic nervous system and Heart rate

Answer 38

Increases Adrenaline which Increases depolarisation rate in SAN so increases Heart rate

Question 39

Parasympathetic Nervous system and Heart Rate

Answer 39

Decreases Adrenaline which decreases depolarisation rate in SAN so increases Heart rate

Question 40

Sympathetic activation

Answer 40

Fight/ flight, excitement or stress

Question 41

Parasympathetic activation

Answer 41

Rest/ digest, Healthy or calm

Question 42

Parasympathetic and AVN

Answer 42

Delayed more

Question 43

Sympathetic and AVN

Answer 43

Delayed less

Question 44

How does Heart Rate vary

Answer 44

Young-higher heart rate
Smaller- higher metabolic rate so higher heart rate
Active and fit- lower resting heart rate