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Fundies First Module--First Exam > Respiratory II > Flashcards

Respiratory II Flashcards

1
Q

of breaths per minute

A

respiratory rate (ventilation rate)

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2
Q

respiratory rate X tidal volume

A

munite ventilation L/min (LPM)

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3
Q

respiratory rate is inversely related to _____ ____, but directly related to PCO2 and H+

A

arterial PO2

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4
Q

primary driver of ventilation

A

blood PaCO2 & H+ concentration–strength and rate of inhalation

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5
Q

CO2 easily crosses _____, reacts with H2O to form new H+ and lower _____

A

BBB–

pH

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6
Q

secondary driver of ventilation

A

PaO2 concentration

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7
Q

low O2 in blood (PaO2)

A

hypoxemia – low minute ventilation

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8
Q

hypoxemia due to

A

hypoventilation

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9
Q

volume in airways/lungs that doesn’t participate in gas exchange

A 
dead space (anatomic: nose pharynx, trachea/airway)
(physiologic: anatomic + nonfunctional alveoli)
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10
Q

hypoxemia w/ exercise likely due to

A

diffusion problem

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11
Q

intraoperative or life support blows O2 and N into lungs (inspiratory only needed)

A

mechanical ventilation

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12
Q

blood flow next to alveoli facilitating gas exchange

A

perfusion

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13
Q

perfusion driven by

A

ANS and local factors

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14
Q

_____ ventilation and perfusion at the _____ of lungs, due to ________

A

better–
base–
gravity (blood pools lower–less alveoli at top of lungs)

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15
Q

____ alveoli ___ compliant

A

apex–

less

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16
Q

V/Q =

A

ventilation/ perfusion

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17
Q

______ and ______ better at bottom of lung

A

ventilation and perfusion

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18
Q

____ V/Q is normal

A

.8

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19
Q

inadequate ventilation =

A

V/Q<0.8

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20
Q

ventilation is good (lots of O2 in the alveoli, but blood flow (perfusion) is low

A

V/Q > 0.8

ventilating dead space–

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21
Q

redirection of blood flow to bypass alveoli

normal L –> R common

A

shunt

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22
Q

R –> L shunt (tetralogy of Fallot)

A

septal wall defect–will get hypoxemia

23
Q

dx pulmonary disease

A
  1. Chest X-ray first
  2. pulmonary function tests–(full function, spirometry(( vol and flow over time)), diffusion)
  3. arterial blood gasses (ABG)–blood draw during exercies
24
Q

Low O2 content in an organ

A

hypoxia

25
Q

low ventilation–inadequate to keep PCO2 from rising above normal

A

hypoventilation

26
Q

Low PO2 measured in arterial blood

A

hypoxemia

27
Q

capacities = sums of________

A

volumes

28
Q

residual volume

A

can’t access it–keeps alveoli open so good

29
Q

TLC

A

total lung capacity= residual vol+Expiratory reserve vol+tidal vol+ inspiratory reserve vol slide 34

30
Q

resting breath in breath out

A

tidal volume

31
Q

tidal vol + inspiratory reserve =

A

inspiratory capacity

32
Q

memorize slide 33/34

A

*

33
Q

test that measures how fast and how much air you breath out

A

office spirometry–for dx and mgmt of asthma and COPD

34
Q

office spirometry measures f

A
  1. forced vital capacity in %
  2. fraction of air that expired in 1 sec (FEV1)
  3. ratio of FEV1/ FVC– measures degree of obstruction
35
Q

office spirometry graphed as

A

flow-volume curve
obstruction=bowl shape (longer to exhale)
restriction=missile shaped

36
Q

The air that reaches the alveoli

A

Ventilation

37
Q

The blood that reaches the alveoli

A

Perfusion

38
Q

Ratio of air and blood reaching alveoli

A

V/Q= .8 (norm)

39
Q

for spirometery: FEV/FVC= .8

A

80% of capacity can be expelled in 1 second

40
Q

normal oxyhemoglobin saturation

A

98%

41
Q

normal O2 in plasma– unbound

A

2%

42
Q

watch O2 hemoglobin dissociation curve video – do slides w/ slide show

A

*

43
Q

pulse-ox measures

A

% of Hemoglobin SATURATION at given time

44
Q

middle of O2-HgB dissociation curve denotes

A

O2 loading/unloading period of HgB

45
Q

HgB dissociation curve will be shifted by

A

change in affinity

46
Q

P50 used as

A

reference point

47
Q

if P50 is high

A

low O2-HgB affinity–> Right shift (hyperthermia, acidosis)

48
Q

if P50 is low

A

high O2-HgB affinity–> Left shift (hypothermia, alkalosis)

49
Q

high bound CO2-HgB

A

low O2-HgB affinity –> high P50 (Bhor)

50
Q

Mneumonic

A

Exercising Muscle is Warm, Acidic, and makes lot’s of CO2

51
Q

CADET face Right

A

CO2, acid, DPG, Exercise, ^temp –> Right

52
Q

basically for HgB dissociation curve

A

relation of HgB saturation & PaO2

53
Q

heat speeds up, cold slows down

A

blood enzymes

Fundies First Module--First Exam (13 decks)

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