Autonomic NS

Question 1

ANS classification

Answer 1

1. by anatomy

2. by neurotransmitter used

Question 2

sympathetic

Answer 2

thoracolumbar

Question 3

parasympathetic

Answer 3

craniosacral CN: 3,7, 9,10

S 2,3,4

Question 4

ANS neuronal breakdown

Answer 4

pre/postganglionic fibers

Question 5

sympathetic fibers synapse on

Answer 5

sympathetic ganglion chain–short pre-long post

Question 6

uppermost sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 6

stelate (star shapped) ganglia–largest

Question 7

white rami

Answer 7

myelenated–pre-ganglionic fibers

Question 8

gray rami

Answer 8

unmyelenated–post-ganglionic fibers

Question 9

some efferent fibers don’t synapse in sympathetic ganglia, they

Answer 9

synapse in colateral ganglion (celiac, and inferio/ superior mesenteric fibers)

Question 10

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 10

preganglionic (long pre-gang) leave brainstem or sacrum and synapse very near target site (short post-ganglionic)

Question 11

2 nt’s in autonomic NS

Answer 11

1. Acetocholine (cholinergic synapse)

2. Norepinephrin (adrenergic synapse)

Question 12

Break down epi/norepi

Answer 12

MAO monoamine oxidase

Question 13

ACh receptors

cholinergic synapses

Answer 13

1. Nicotinic cholinergic: more reactive to nicotine–@ neuromuscular junctions, all autonomic ganglion, and adrenal mudella (understandable because no ganglionic synapse)
2. Muscarinic

Question 14

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Answer 14

5 types or receptors–result depends on end-organ body-wide

study basic result

Question 15

M2 Muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Answer 15

(mostly parasympathetic) lower heart rate, pupillary constriction, GI contraction, bronchoconstriction, ^ erection,

Question 16

Autonomic NS by anatomy

Answer 16

sym: short pre, long post (exception adrenal–leave SC no synapse until adrenal cortex)
para: long pre, short post

Question 17

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 17

1. Alpha
      Alpha 1 
      Alpha 2
2. Beta 
      Beta 1
      Beta 2

Question 18

Important Alpha adrenergic receptor clinically

Answer 18

Alpha 1 – vasoconstriction, pupil dialation

Question 19

Important Beta adrenergic receptor clinically for heart

Answer 19

Beta 1 – heart (beta blockers)

Question 20

Important Beta adrenergic receptor clinically for lungs

Answer 20

Beta 2 – relax lungs–blocks bronchodilation–beta stimulation

Question 21

glycogen broken down into

Answer 21

glucose by liver

Question 22

Atenalol

Answer 22

more Beta 1 effect–used to be non-selective–now they’re selective for Beta 1 or 2

Question 23

mostly excitatory but sometimes inhibitory

Answer 23

sympathetic NS

Question 24

cholinergic activation mostly

Answer 24

all parasympathetci pre/post ganglionic receptors are cholinergic, but not all cholinergic receptors are parasympathetic

Question 25

cilliary muscles

Answer 25

parasympathetic–cholinergic–stretch lens

Question 26

anticholinergic side effects

Answer 26

atrophin–dry mouth, blurry vision (aka parasympatholitic w/ exceptions in parasympathetic system)

Question 27

sympathomimetic

Answer 27

drug that mimics sympathetic system

Question 28

Sympatholitic

Answer 28

lyse (anti-sympathetic drug)

Question 29

small pupils

Answer 29

myosis

Question 30

decreased sweating

Answer 30

anhydrosis

Question 31

horner’s syndrom

Answer 31

SPAM
Sunken eyeballs
Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis

Question 32

All postganglionic sympathetic nerves secrete norepinephrine except

Answer 32

1 sweat glands
2 piloerector muscles
3 some blood vessels

Secrete ACh

Question 33

Blood vessels solely controlled by

Answer 33

Sympathetic NS– constriction only