Autonomic NS

Question 1

ANS classification

Answer 1

1. by anatomy

2. by neurotransmitter used

Question 2

sympathetic

Answer 2

thoracolumbar

Question 3

parasympathetic

Answer 3

craniosacral CN: 3,7, 9,10

S 2,3,4

Question 4

ANS neuronal breakdown

Answer 4

pre/postganglionic fibers

Question 5

sympathetic fibers synapse on

Answer 5

sympathetic ganglion chain–short pre-long post

Question 6

uppermost sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 6

stelate (star shapped) ganglia–largest

Question 7

white rami

Answer 7

myelenated–pre-ganglionic fibers

Question 8

gray rami

Answer 8

unmyelenated–post-ganglionic fibers

Question 9

some efferent fibers don’t synapse in sympathetic ganglia, they

Answer 9

synapse in colateral ganglion (celiac, and inferio/ superior mesenteric fibers)

Question 10

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 10

preganglionic (long pre-gang) leave brainstem or sacrum and synapse very near target site (short post-ganglionic)

Question 11

2 nt’s in autonomic NS

Answer 11

1. Acetocholine (cholinergic synapse)

2. Norepinephrin (adrenergic synapse)

Question 12

Break down epi/norepi

Answer 12

MAO monoamine oxidase

Question 13

ACh receptors

cholinergic synapses

Answer 13

1. Nicotinic cholinergic: more reactive to nicotine–@ neuromuscular junctions, all autonomic ganglion, and adrenal mudella (understandable because no ganglionic synapse)
2. Muscarinic

Question 14

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Answer 14

5 types or receptors–result depends on end-organ body-wide

study basic result

Question 15

M2 Muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Answer 15

(mostly parasympathetic) lower heart rate, pupillary constriction, GI contraction, bronchoconstriction, ^ erection,

Question 16

Autonomic NS by anatomy

Answer 16

sym: short pre, long post (exception adrenal–leave SC no synapse until adrenal cortex)
para: long pre, short post

Question 17

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 17

1. Alpha
      Alpha 1 
      Alpha 2
2. Beta 
      Beta 1
      Beta 2

Question 18

Important Alpha adrenergic receptor clinically

Answer 18

Alpha 1 – vasoconstriction, pupil dialation

Question 19

Important Beta adrenergic receptor clinically for heart

Answer 19

Beta 1 – heart (beta blockers)

Question 20

Important Beta adrenergic receptor clinically for lungs

Answer 20

Beta 2 – relax lungs–blocks bronchodilation–beta stimulation

Question 21

glycogen broken down into

Answer 21

glucose by liver

Question 22

Atenalol

Answer 22

more Beta 1 effect–used to be non-selective–now they’re selective for Beta 1 or 2

Question 23

mostly excitatory but sometimes inhibitory

Answer 23

sympathetic NS

Question 24

cholinergic activation mostly

Answer 24

all parasympathetci pre/post ganglionic receptors are cholinergic, but not all cholinergic receptors are parasympathetic

Question 25

cilliary muscles

Answer 25

parasympathetic--cholinergic--stretch lens

Question 26

anticholinergic side effects

Answer 26

atrophin--dry mouth, blurry vision (aka parasympatholitic w/ exceptions in parasympathetic system)

Question 27

sympathomimetic

Answer 27

drug that mimics sympathetic system

Question 28

Sympatholitic

Answer 28

lyse (anti-sympathetic drug)

Question 29

small pupils

Answer 29

myosis

Question 30

decreased sweating

Answer 30

anhydrosis

Question 31

horner's syndrom

Answer 31

``` SPAM Sunken eyeballs Ptosis Anhydrosis Miosis ```

Question 32

All postganglionic sympathetic nerves secrete norepinephrine except

Answer 32

1 sweat glands 2 piloerector muscles 3 some blood vessels Secrete ACh

Question 33

Blood vessels solely controlled by

Answer 33

Sympathetic NS-- constriction only