Respiratory Function Flashcards
3 lobes
Right lung
2 lobes
Left lung
Provide oxygenated blood to the lung tissue
Bronchial arteries
Provide deoxygenated blood for gas exchange
Pulmonary arteries
Majority of gas exchange
Base of the lungs
Need adequate, equal ventilation/perfusion at the site of
Ventilation perfusion matching
Blood is shunted to areas with better ventilation to minimize V/Q mismatch
Pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction
Dead space
Tidal volume x respiratory rate
Minute ventilation
Oxygen in the alveolus (PAO2), oxygen in the arterial blood (PaO2)
Aa gradient (normal < 10mmHg)
Diaphragm moves down, chest wall moves outward, lungs expand
Inspiration
Diaphragm moves up, chest wall moves inward, lungs recoil
Expiration
Controls resp. rate/pattern/depth, cues when to breath, CO2 triggers breathing process
Pons and medulla
Pressure difference = (air flow)(resistance)
Resistance = (pressure difference)/(airflow)
Ohm’s law
Expandability of the lung or ease of inflation
Compliance
Extra volume that can be inspired above tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Volume that enters and leaves with each normal breath
Tidal volume
Extra volume that can be expired below tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Volume remaining after maximum expiration
Residual volume
Volume breathed in from normal expiration to maximum inspiration
Inspiratory capacity
Volume that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration (to maximum expiration)
Vital capacity
Volume remaining after normal expiration
Functional residual capacity
Volume of air in lungs after maximum inspiration
Total lung capacity
More affinity, give away less oxygen, increased pH (basic), decreased CO2, decreased temperature
Left shift
Less affinity, give away more oxygen, decreased pH (acidic), increased CO2, increased temperature
Right shift
Increased work of breathing: accessory muscle use, tripoding, tachypnea, speaking in shorter sentences
Acute respiratory distress
Drugs, asthma, chronic lung diseases, infectious illness
Possible result of unresolved acute respiratory distress
PaO2 < 60mmHg, PaCO2 > 50mmHg
Acute respiratory failure
Rapid, shallow breathing/slow irregular breathing, accessory muscle use, mental status changes, cyanosis/pallor
Clinical manifestations of acute respiratory failure
Venous stasis (blood isn’t flowing), hypercoagulability (cancer, pregnancy), initial injury (trauma)
Pulmonary venous thromboebolism/DVT
Sudden chest pain, dyspnea/tachypnea, hemoptysis, tachycardia
S/Sx of pulmonary embolism
