O2 Transportation Flashcards
generating blood cells
Hematopoiesis
generating T, B, NK cells
Lymphopoiesis
iron transport molecule
Ferritin
Erythropoieten is excreted by the kidneys and acts on the bone marrow as negative feedback of RBC production
Erythropoiesis
Macrophages in liver: damaged/old RBC > hemoglobin> heme> biliverdin > bilirubin > waste bilirubin in feces, recycle heme/globin in the body to the red bone marrow
Hemoglobin degradation
Red cell metabolism
binding strength of oxygen to hemoglobin changes based on the environment
Affinity
More affinity, give away less oxygen, increased pH (basic), decreased CO2, decreased temperature
Left shift
Less affinity, give away more oxygen, decreased pH (acidic), increased CO2, increased temperature
Right shift
Bicarbonate ion (75%), carbaminohemoglobin (20%), dissolved CO2( 5%)
Carbon Dioxide Transport
May function as positive feedback (anemia, hypoxia > stimulates the production of RBC)
Erythropoiesis
Hypochromic (pale), microcytic (small)
MCV(volume)/MCH(hemoglobin)/MCHC(concentration) = decreased
ferritin = decreased, TIBC(total binding iron concentration) = increased
GI bleeding (men), menorrhagia (women)
Iron-deficiency anemia
Macrocytic (big cells)
pernicious (autoimmune) anemia
MCV(volume)/MCH(hemoglobin) = increased
MCHC(concentration) = normal
B12/folate deficiency
MCV(volume)/MCH(hemoglobin)/MCHC(concentration) = normal
RBC count = decreased
Burr cells
Chronic kidney disease anemia
Genetic mutation leads to deficient synthesis of globin chains (unable to make globin proteins)
Hypochromic, microcytic
MCV(volume)/MCH(hemoglobin)/MCHC(concentration) = decreased
Thalassemia
Glutamic acid error in the beta chain
Sickle Cell anemia
Fragile, abnormal shaped cells
Hereditary spherocytosis
Not immediately detectable on CBC as it relates to fluid shifts/concentration differences
Acute blood loss
Asymptomatic
Pallor, fatigue, loss of stamina, weakness, tachycardia, exertional dyspnea, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, syncope
Clinical manifestions of anemia
Relative: dehydration
Primary (P. Vera): RBC hyperplasia, increased blood viscosity
Secondary: increased RBC production due to chronic hypoxia
Polycythemia (too many blood cells)
Visual disturbances, dizziness, claudication, stroke, MI
Hyper-viscosity syndrome
Idiopathic myeloproliferative disorder
RBC hyperplasia, increased blood viscosity
Hypertension, thrombosis, hemorrhage, hematomegaly, night sweats
Polycythemia Vera
