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Patho - Exam 2 > Cardiac Function > Flashcards

Cardiac Function Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid returns to the heart

A

Preload

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2
Q

Resistance, how much the heart needs to work to get blood out (SVR)

A

Afterload

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3
Q

Contractility, force of each beat
Contractile proteins, ATP, calcium

A

Ionotropy

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4
Q

Heart rate

A

Chronotropy

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5
Q

How much gets out / total vol.

A

Ejection Fraction

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6
Q

Atrial depolarization, diastole

A

P-Wave

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7
Q

Ventricular depolarization, systole

A

QRS-Complex

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8
Q

Ventricular repolarization

A

T-Wave

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9
Q

The force or tension developed in a muscle fiber depends on the extent to which the fiber is stretched
More preload and recoil, length-tension relationship

A

Frank-Starling Law

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10
Q

Parasympathetics, baroreceptor stimulates vagus nerve, low HR, low BP

A

Vasovagal Syncope

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11
Q

Most representative ECG picture

A

Lead 2

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12
Q

Coronary arteries fill

A

Diastole

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13
Q

Distribution system with the capillary bed acting as a filter to provide nutrients/O2 while removing waste/CO2

A

Left heart and arteries

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14
Q

Collection system with the pulmonary capillary bed acting as a gas exchange circuit

A

Right heart and veins

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15
Q

Heart contracts against closed valves, no change in volume

A

Isovolumetric contractions

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16
Q

Heart relaxes, all valves are closed

A

Isovolumetric relaxation

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17
Q

Volume of blood ejected from the ventricle (EDV - ESV)

A

Stroke volume

18
Q

Blood left in the ventricle after the filling phase

A

End-diastolic volume

19
Q

Blood left in the ventricle after contraction phase

A

End-systolic volume

20
Q

EDV - ESV / EDV

A

Ejection fraction

21
Q

Atrial contraction

A

A waves

22
Q

Contraction of ventricles causing AV valves to bulge into atria

A

C waves

23
Q

Atrial filling (pressure created by blood returning from the systemic circulation)

A

V waves

24
Q

Release of norepi/epi, parasympathetic baroreceptor response (CN IX/X)

A

Determines HR

25
Q

Right atrium/ventricle, SA/AV nodes, Bundle of His, intraventricular septum

A

Right coronary supplies…

26
Q

Left ventricle, right atrium, R/L bundle branches, intraventricular septum, anterior papillary muscles

A

Left anterior descending artery supplies…

27
Q

Left atrium/ventricle, SA node

A

Left circumflex artery

28
Q

Increased coronary flow

A

Increased ATP, potassium channels close, depolarization smooth muscle cells = vasoconstriction

29
Q

Decreased coronary flow

A

Decreased ATP, potassium channels open, inhibit depolarization of smooth muscle cells = vasodilation

30
Q

Norepi/epi, thyroid hormone, caffeine, digitalis

A

Positive inotropes

31
Q

Calcium channel blockers, beta blockers

A

Negative inotropes

32
Q

Regulation of inotropy (contractility)

A

Contractile proteins, ATP, calcium

33
Q

Regulation of automaticity

A

Sympathetic: increased contraction/rate, norepi
*Parasympathetic: decreased contraction/rate, acetylcholine

34
Q

Autonomic regulation of coronary arteries

A

Alpha-1: vasoconstriction
*Beta-2: vasodilation

35
Q

Atrial depolarization

A

P wave (electrocardiography)

36
Q

Ventricular repolarization

A

T wave (electrocardiography)

37
Q

atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization, positive change

A

PR interval (electrocardiography)

38
Q

Massive ventricular repolarization, necessary for pumping blood out of the heart

A

R wave (electrocardiography)

39
Q

ANP

A

Atrial stretching results in excretion of sodium and volume reduction
Communicates with kidneys
Opposite of RAAS

40
Q

BNP

A

Ventricular distention results in excretion of sodium and volume reduction
Communicates with kidneys
Opposite of RAAS

41
Q

Clinical test of cardiac function

A

ECG, MRI/CT, echocardiography, SPECT (nuclear medicine), angiography of coronaries (“cath”), labs/bloodwork

Patho - Exam 2 (10 decks)

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