Hemostasis/Coagulation

Question 1

Activated by trauma

Answer 1

Extrinsic clotting pathway

Question 2

Activated by damage to the internal surface of a vessel

Answer 2

Intrinsic clotting pathway

Question 3

immediate vasoconstriction and formation of platelet plug at damaged site

Answer 3

Primary hemostasis

Question 4

Clotting cascade and the formation of fibrin clot

Answer 4

Secondary hemostasis

Question 5

bright, red blood in the stool

Answer 5

hematochezia

Question 6

digested, dark blood in the stool

Answer 6

melena

Question 7

blood in the urine

Answer 7

hematuria

Question 8

coughing up blood

Answer 8

hemoptysis

Question 9

heavy menstrual bleeding

Answer 9

menorrhagia

Question 10

nose bleed

Answer 10

epitaxis

Question 11

PT/INR

Answer 11

Lab - Extrinsic Pathway

Question 12

aPTT

Answer 12

Lab - Intrinsic Pathway

Question 13

Chemotherapy/radiation, cancer in the bone marrow, B12/folate deficiency

Answer 13

Decreased production - platelet disorders

Question 14

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, DIC, medications (thiazides, digoxin, heparin)

Answer 14

Decreased survival - platelet disorders

Question 15

Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen can cause spleen dysfunction), hypothermia

Answer 15

Splenic sequestration - platelet disorders

Question 16

Large blood transfusions, too much RBC and plasma/too few platelets

Answer 16

Dilution - platelet disorders

Question 17

Platelet count < 100,000
Easy bruising, mucosal hemorrhage, petechiae, purpura, internal bleeding

Answer 17

Thrombocytopenia

Question 18

“immune-to-platelets” = immune mediated destruction
Triggered by viral infection
Associated with autoimmune diseases: AIDS, lupus

Answer 18

ITP

Question 19

Factor VIII deficiency, most common (85%), x-linked

Answer 19

Hemophilia A

Question 20

Factor IX deficiency, “Christmas Disease”, x-linked

Answer 20

Hemophilia B

Question 21

Spontaneous bleeding: joints, mucosa, GI, intracranial
Prolonged bleeding after minor procedures

Answer 21

Hemophilia

Question 22

Complex, acquired disorder in which clotting and hemorrhage simultaneously occur

Answer 22

DIC

Question 23

malnutrition, malabsorption, antibiotic treatment, anticoagulation therapy

Answer 23

can lead to Vit. K deficiency

Question 24

II, VII, IX, X

Answer 24

Vit. K dependent clotting factors

Question 25

Inhibits the activity of thrombin, works intrinsically

Answer 25

Heparin

Question 26

Vit. K dependent, works extrinsically

Answer 26

Coumadin