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1 Medicine > Respiratory Exam common findings > Flashcards

Respiratory Exam common findings Flashcards

1
Q

what is cachexia a sign of?

A

emphysema, malignancy

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2
Q

what is cushingoid a sign of?

A

steroid use

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3
Q

what may cause use of accessory muscles in breathing?

A

COPD
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
severe asthma

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4
Q

what may cause pursed lip breathing?

A

severe airway obstruction

emphysema

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5
Q

what may cause speech abnormalities

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy

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6
Q

what may cause stridor

A

large airway obstruction e.g mediastinal masses, bronchial carcinoma, retrosternal thyroid

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7
Q

what are the types of cough

A

dry
productive
bovine

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8
Q

what diseases may have a prolonged expiratory phase?

A

asthma

COPD

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9
Q

what disease may cause clicks in breathing

A

bronchiectasis

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10
Q

what may cause gurgling

A

airway secretions

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11
Q

what may cause a fine tremor?

A

B2 agonist use

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12
Q

what may cause a flapping tremor?

A

CO2 retention

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13
Q

what may cause peripheral cyanosis?

A

hypoxia

hypoperfusion

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14
Q

what does a CRT >2s suggest?

A

hypoperfusion

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15
Q

what does sweaty, warm, clammy hands suggest?

A

CO2 retention

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16
Q

what does small muscle wasting in hands suggest?

A

Pancoast tumour

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17
Q

what respiratory diseases cause clubbing?

A

pulmonary fibrosis
lung cacner
cystic fibrosis
bronchiectasis

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18
Q

what do tar-stained fingers suggest

A

smoker

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19
Q

what may tachycardia indicate?

A

hypoxia in severe asthma or COPD
PE
infection

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20
Q

what does a bounding pulse suggest?

A

CO2 retention

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21
Q

what does tachypnoea suggest?

A 
lung disease
infection
hyperventilation
fever 
PE
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22
Q

what does bradypnoea suggest?

A

CNS depression

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23
Q

what does a plethoric face suggest?

A

secondary polycythaemia
cushing’s syndrome
SVC obstruction if facial swelling

24
Q

what causes telangiectasia

A

systemic sclerosis

25
Q

what causes butterfly rash?

A

SLE

26
Q

what causes lupus pernio?

A

sarcoidosis

27
Q

what causes lupus vulgaris

A

TB

28
Q

what does conjunctival pallor suggest?

A

anaemia

29
Q

what are the symptoms of Horner’s

A

ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis

30
Q

what does central cyanosis under tongue suggest?

A

hypoxia

31
Q

what causes a raised JVP?

A

cor pulmonale

32
Q

what causes a deviated trachea away?

A

pneumothorax

33
Q

what causes a deviated trachea towards?

A

lung collapse

34
Q

what does cricosternal distance <3fingers suggest

A

lung hyperinflation

35
Q

what causes barrel chest?

A

emphysema

COPD

36
Q

what causes mainly upwards chest wall movements?

A

emphysema

37
Q

what causes asymmetrical chest wall movements?

A 
fibrosis
collapsed lung
pneumonectomy
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
38
Q

what causes localised indrawing of intercostal muscles?

A

bronchial obstruction

39
Q

what causes powerful expirations?

A

COPD

asthma

40
Q

what causes hyperexpanded chest?

A

COPD

41
Q

what causes RV heave?

A

pulmonary hypertension

42
Q

what causes dull percussion?

A

consolidation or collapse

43
Q

what causes stony dull percussion?

A

pleural effusion

44
Q

what causes hyper resonant percussion?

A

pneumothorax

emphysema

45
Q

what causes increased vocal resonance?

A

consolidation

46
Q

what causes decreased vocal resonance?

A

effusion/ pneumothorax

47
Q

what causes wheeze?

A

COPD, asthma

48
Q

what causes decreased air entry?

A

emphysema
pneumothorax
PE
collapse

49
Q

what causes coarse creps?

A

bronchiectasis

consolidation

50
Q

what causes fine inspiratory creps?

A

pulmonary oedema

51
Q

what causes fine end-inspiratory creps?

A

pulmonary fibrosis

52
Q

what causes bronchial breathing?

A

consolidation

53
Q

what causes pleural rub

A

pleurisy
pulmonary infarction
pneumonia
pleural malignancy

54
Q

what causes lymphadenopathy?

A

infection
carcinoma
lymphoma
sarcoidosis

55
Q

what causes peripheral oedema

A

cor pulmonale

56
Q

what causes swollen tender calves?

A

DVT

1 Medicine (10 decks)

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