Respiratory Exam common findings Flashcards
what is cachexia a sign of?
emphysema, malignancy
what is cushingoid a sign of?
steroid use
what may cause use of accessory muscles in breathing?
COPD
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
severe asthma
what may cause pursed lip breathing?
severe airway obstruction
emphysema
what may cause speech abnormalities
recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
what may cause stridor
large airway obstruction e.g mediastinal masses, bronchial carcinoma, retrosternal thyroid
what are the types of cough
dry
productive
bovine
what diseases may have a prolonged expiratory phase?
asthma
COPD
what disease may cause clicks in breathing
bronchiectasis
what may cause gurgling
airway secretions
what may cause a fine tremor?
B2 agonist use
what may cause a flapping tremor?
CO2 retention
what may cause peripheral cyanosis?
hypoxia
hypoperfusion
what does a CRT >2s suggest?
hypoperfusion
what does sweaty, warm, clammy hands suggest?
CO2 retention
what does small muscle wasting in hands suggest?
Pancoast tumour
what respiratory diseases cause clubbing?
pulmonary fibrosis
lung cacner
cystic fibrosis
bronchiectasis
what do tar-stained fingers suggest
smoker
what may tachycardia indicate?
hypoxia in severe asthma or COPD
PE
infection
what does a bounding pulse suggest?
CO2 retention
what does tachypnoea suggest?
lung disease infection hyperventilation fever PE
what does bradypnoea suggest?
CNS depression
what does a plethoric face suggest?
secondary polycythaemia
cushing’s syndrome
SVC obstruction if facial swelling
what causes telangiectasia
systemic sclerosis
what causes butterfly rash?
SLE
what causes lupus pernio?
sarcoidosis
what causes lupus vulgaris
TB
what does conjunctival pallor suggest?
anaemia
what are the symptoms of Horner’s
ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis
what does central cyanosis under tongue suggest?
hypoxia
what causes a raised JVP?
cor pulmonale
what causes a deviated trachea away?
pneumothorax
what causes a deviated trachea towards?
lung collapse
what does cricosternal distance <3fingers suggest
lung hyperinflation
what causes barrel chest?
emphysema
COPD
what causes mainly upwards chest wall movements?
emphysema
what causes asymmetrical chest wall movements?
fibrosis collapsed lung pneumonectomy pleural effusion pneumothorax
what causes localised indrawing of intercostal muscles?
bronchial obstruction
what causes powerful expirations?
COPD
asthma
what causes hyperexpanded chest?
COPD
what causes RV heave?
pulmonary hypertension
what causes dull percussion?
consolidation or collapse
what causes stony dull percussion?
pleural effusion
what causes hyper resonant percussion?
pneumothorax
emphysema
what causes increased vocal resonance?
consolidation
what causes decreased vocal resonance?
effusion/ pneumothorax
what causes wheeze?
COPD, asthma
what causes decreased air entry?
emphysema
pneumothorax
PE
collapse
what causes coarse creps?
bronchiectasis
consolidation
what causes fine inspiratory creps?
pulmonary oedema
what causes fine end-inspiratory creps?
pulmonary fibrosis
what causes bronchial breathing?
consolidation
what causes pleural rub
pleurisy
pulmonary infarction
pneumonia
pleural malignancy
what causes lymphadenopathy?
infection
carcinoma
lymphoma
sarcoidosis
what causes peripheral oedema
cor pulmonale
what causes swollen tender calves?
DVT
