Neurology UL Common conditions

Question 1

what are the motor signs of parkinson’s disease?

Answer 1

forward- flexed posture 
mask like facial expression speech difficulties 
resting tremor
cogwheel rigidity
bradykinesia

Question 2

what are the motor signs of cerebellar lesion?

Answer 2

depend on the anatomy of the lesion
nystagmus 
slurred/staccato speech
hypotonia 
hyporeflexia 
intention tremor
dysmetria 
dysynergia
dysdiadochokinesis 
ataxia

Question 3

what are the motor signs of ulnar nerve lesion?

Answer 3

wasting, weakness, numbness, tingling in 5th finger and medial half 4th finger
curling up 4th and 5th fingers (ulnar claw)

Question 4

what are the motor signs of median nerve lesion at level wrist?

Answer 4

wasting of the thenar muscles
weakness of abduction and opposition of the thumb
numbness over the palmar aspect of the thumb, index finger, third finger and lateral half of 4th finger

Question 5

what are the motor signs of median nerve lesion at level of forearm?

Answer 5

an additional weakness of flexion of distal and middle phalanges

Question 6

what are the motor signs of median nerve lesion at level of elbow or above?

Answer 6

an additional weakness of pronation of the forearm and ulnar deviation of the wrist on wrist flexion

Question 7

what are the motor sings of a radial nerve lesion at the level of axilla or above?

Answer 7

weakness of elbow flexion and extension
weakness of wrist and finger extension with attending wrist drop and finger drop
weakness of thumb abduction and extension
sensory loss over dorsoradial aspect of the hand and dorsal aspect of the radial 3.5 fingers

Question 8

what do radial nerve lesions inferior to axilla usually spare?

Answer 8

triceps (elbow extension)
brachioradialis (elbow flexion)
extensor carpi radialis longus (wrist extension and radial abduction)

Question 9

what are the signs of hemiplagia/hemiparalysis?

Answer 9

paralysis or weakness on one side of body

decreased movement control, stasticity and hyper-reflexia (UMN syndrome)

Question 10

what are the signs of myopathy?

Answer 10

symmetrical weakness affecting proximal muscle groups

hyperreflexia occurs very late

Question 11

what sensory modalities do the spinothalamic tracts carry?

Answer 11

pain
temperature
crude touch

Question 12

what sensory modalities do the dorsal columns carry?

Answer 12

vibration
joint position sense
fine touch