Cardiovascular Examination Flashcards
what should be looked for in general inspection in CV exam?
patient: well/unwell, comfortable, alert, breathless, pallor, cyanosis
around bed: oxygen, medication, IV infusions
what should be checked for on the hands?
perfusion: temperature, CRT, peripheral cyanosis
nails: clubbing, splinter haemorrhages, Quincke’s sign
dorsum: extensor tendon xanthomata
palms: osler nodes, janeway lesions
what should be checked on the arms
inspect for bruising
radial pulse (rate, rhythm, radio-radial delay)
collapsing pulse
what should be check on head and neck?
face
eyes
mouth
neck
what may be seen in the face?
malar flush
what may be seen in the eyes?
conjunctival pallor/haemorrhages
corneal arcus
xanthelasma
what may be seen in the mouth?
central cyanosis under tongue
petechial haemorrhages
poor dental hygiene
high arches palate
what may be seen in the neck?
JVP
hepatojugular reflex test
carotid pulse
what disease is associated with Mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation and mitral prolapse?
marfan’s syndrome
what disease is associated with aortic stenosis?
turner’s syndrome
what disease is associated with congential heart disease?
Down’s syndrome
what does a CRT >2s indicated
hypoperfusion
what disease may cause clubbing
cyanotic congential heart disese
infective endocarditis
what disease may cause splinter haemorrhages?
infective endocarditis
what is Quincke’s sign?
visible pulsations in the nails
what disease may cause Quincke’s sign?
aortic regurgitation
what is extensor tendon xanthomata
irregular nodules overlying tendons
what may cause extensor tendon xanothomata?
hyperlipidemia
what are Osler’s nodes
painful purple papules on pulps
what may cause Osler’s nodes?
infective endocarditis