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1 Medicine > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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2
Q

what are the features of klebsiella pneumonia?

A

red current jelly
affets upper lobes
commonly causes lung abscess and emphyema

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3
Q

what lifestyle factor may cause restrictive lung function tests with normal gas transfer?

A

obesity

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4
Q

what are some causes of obstructive lung disease?

A

asthma
COPD
bronchiectasis
bronchiolitis obliterans

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5
Q

what are some causes of restrictive lung disease?

A 
pulmonary fibrosis 
asbestosis
sarcoidosis
acute respiratory distress syndrome
severe obesity 
neuromuscular disorders
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6
Q

what is a common respiratory complication of acute pancreatitis

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

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7
Q

what are the causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome?

A 
infection: sepsis and pneumonia
massive blood transfusion
trauma 
smoke inhalation 
acute pancreatitis
cardio-pulmonary bypass
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8
Q

what are the features of ARDS?

A

dyspnoea
elevated respiratory rate
bilateral lung crackles
low O2 sats

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9
Q

what are the causes of respiratory alkalosis?

A 
anxiety leading to hyperventilation 
PE
salicylate poisoning 
CNS disorders (Stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, encephalitis) 
altitude 
pregnancy
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10
Q

what is sarcoidosis?

A

characterised by non-caseating granulomas

more common in young adults/ African descent

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11
Q

what are the indications for steroid treatment in sarcoidosis?

A

hypercalcaemia
eye, heart, neuro involvement
symptomatic patients with Chest X-ray involvement

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12
Q

what is the management in primary pneumothorax without SOB and <2cm in size

A

discharge with follow up

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13
Q

what is the treatment of choice for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

A

prednisolone

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14
Q

lung fibrosis caused by ankylosing spondylitis typically affects?

A

upper zones

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15
Q

lung fibrosis caused by silicosis typically affects?

A

upper zones

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16
Q

what conditions typically cause upper zone fibrosis?

A 
CHARTS
coal workers pneumoconiosis
histiocytosis/hypersensitivity pneumonitis
ankylosing spondylitis
radiation 
TB 
silicosis/ sarcoidosis
17
Q

what conditions typically cause lower zone fibrosis?

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
connective tissue disorders (Except ankylosing spondylitis)
drug induced (aiodarone, bleomycin, methotrexate)
asbestosis

18
Q

what type of pneumonia typically causes:

history HIV, dry cough, exercise-induced desaturations in absence of chest signs?

A

pneumocystis jiroveci

1 Medicine (10 decks)

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