Respiratory embryology

Question 1

Where does laryngeal cartilage originate from?

Answer 1

neural crest –> mesenchyme (ectoderm)

Question 2

What does the tracheoesophageal fold do?

Answer 2

connects to forma septum separating the esophagus from the trachea/bronchi

Question 3

What does the endoderm of the laryngeotracheal diverticulum become?

Answer 3

epithelium and glands of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (pneumocytes too)

Question 4

From what embryonic structure does the parietal pleura develop?

Answer 4

somatic mesoderm

Question 5

When do type II pneumocytes begin to develop?

Answer 5

around 32 wks

Question 6

Describe respiratory distress syndrome and how to treat it?

Answer 6

no/insufficient type II pneumocytes leads to no/insufficient surfactant production
tx: pre-natal steroids, post-natal exogenous surfactant

Question 7

Where do the bronchial buds and visceral pleura grow?

Answer 7

pericardio-peritoneal cavity –> pleural space