Lung Pathology Flashcards
What is bronchietasis and how would you diagnos it
Reccurent bronchial infection causing permenant dilation of bronchioles. See dilated bronchi on CT
What is the congenital form of COPD?
Alpha-1 antitrypsin def. –> pancincar emphysema and liver disease
Describe the cause of COPD
smoking –> abnormal inflammatory response –> ROS, CD8+, macrophages(protease) –> alveolar damage
Describe some causes of pulmonary fibrosis and how it is diagnosed.
Chest wall or lung disease ,loss of elasticity, decreased lung capacity, obesity, neuromuscular ds.
Dx: PFT, DLCO
What are some symptoms of ILD?
progressive DOE, non-productive cough, hypoxemia, pulmonary HTN, cyanosis, cor pulmonale
How do you distinguish non-specific interstitial pneumonitis from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Non- specfic has fever in addition to dyspnea, hypoxemia, etc. Also see Subpleural fibrosis instead of diffuse interstitital. Also reticulonodular and honeycomb in IPF
In which ILD would you see migratory pulmonary infiltrates on CXR?
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
Which ILD’s respond to corticosteroids?
non-specific interstitial pneumonitis, crytpogenic organizing pneumonia, occupation/enviroment (not silica, asbestos, coal)
What are the CXR findings of silacosis?
small fibrotic nodules –> massive fibrosis
cavitaroy necrosis
hylar adenopathy w/ calcification
What are histological signs of asbestos
Asbestos bodies in lower lobe, calcified plural plaques
What is antracosis
blackening of the lung associated with pneumoconius (cola miner’s lung)
10% of times –> massive fibrosis
Which ILD is assiacated with smoking>
Pulmonary Langerhan cell histiocytes
A patient is suspected of having ILD and gets a pneumothorax What restrtictive disease do they likely have?
Pulmonary Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis
What population group is assocaited with sarcoidosis?
10-40 african american females
What CXR findings would you see on CXR of a sarcoidosis patient?
hilar adenopathy
reticularnodular opacity
non-casseating granulomas
CD4/CD8 > 3.5
