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CRAAB II > Renal Path > Flashcards

Renal Path Flashcards

1
Q

What is the usual cause of Glomerulus disease?

A

Immune mediated

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2
Q

Describe Atozemia

A

Biochemical abnormality with increased BUN and creatinine

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3
Q

Name some symptoms seen in uremia

A

gastroenteritis, neuropathy, pruritis, pericarditis

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4
Q

What qualifies nephrotic syndrome from nephritic syndrome?

A

amount of proteinuria, 3.5 g/day to nephrotic

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5
Q

What are some causes of renal tube defects?

A

inherited (RTA, cystinuria), acquired(lead)

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6
Q

What is the GFR for Stage 2 renal disease?

A

GFR 20-50%

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7
Q

Why are clearance tests used?

A

To determine transplant candidates, drug dosing and effectiveness of therapy

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8
Q

What are some causes for a pre-renal increase in BUN?

A

high protein diet, catabolism, GI bleed, hemolysis, malignancy

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9
Q

What are some causes for a pre-renal increase in Creatanine?

A

muscle hypertrophy, meat diet, steroid, exercise, necrosis

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10
Q

When can a false (+) proteinuria test occur?

A

With hematuria, dilute urine or meds

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11
Q

What gross symptoms are seen in recessive polycystic kidney disease?

A

enlarged kidneys and bile duct proliferation

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12
Q

Name some additional abnormalities seen in ADPK?

A

liver cysts and berry aneurysms

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13
Q

What protein is altered in ADPK? genes?

A

polycystin 1/216p13/2-4q21

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14
Q

Occurence of horseshoe kidney?

A

1/500-1000 autopsies

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15
Q

What is the function of mesangial cells?

A

Secrete inflammation mediators and make collagen

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16
Q

What is the most common type of glomerulonephrotic syndrome in children?

A

Minimal Change Disease

17
Q

Describe the risks and symptoms of nephrotic syndromes

A

hyopalbuminemia - pitting edema
hypogammaglobulinemia - risk of infections
hypercoagulable - loss of at III
hyperlipidemia - fatty casts in urine

18
Q

When is effacement of foot processes seen?

A

MCD, FSGS

19
Q

FSGS may be assoicated with these conditions.

A

HIV
heroin use
sickle cell disease
obesity

20
Q

This nephrotic disease exhibits spike and dome appearence on EM

A

Membranous Neuropathy

21
Q

Briefly describe the 2 types of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

A

Type I - subendothelial - associated with HBV/HCV- tram tracks
Type II - intramembranous - assoc with C3- overactivation and low levels of C3

22
Q

hallmark of nephrotic syndromes?

A

greater than 3.5 g/day

23
Q

What kidney disorder is associated with Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

MCD

24
Q

Why does MCD respond so well to steroids?

A

Because the damages in MCD is mediated by cytokines and steroids block cytokine release

25
Q

When might one see FSGS?

A

HIV, heroin addiction, sickle cell ds, obesity

26
Q

What is the treatment for FSGS?

A

Ace or ARBS

27
Q

hallmark of Anti-GBN glomerulonephritis?

A

diffuse, linear pattern on IF

28
Q

When are crescents seen?

A

Rapidly Progressive/cresentic GN

29
Q

Which kidney disorder is associated with celiac sprue or liver disease?

A

IgA nephropathy, Berger’s ds

30
Q

Describe the sx of Alport’s disease

A

hematuria, proteinuria, nerve deafness, eye disorders

31
Q

What genes are mutated in ADPKD?

A

polycystin 1 - 16p13.3

polycystin 2 - 2-4q21

32
Q

What is the typical outcome of ATN?

A

95% recover if they survive the initial event

33
Q

What are some causes of tubulointerstitial nephritis?

A

infection, toxins, metabolic ds, m.myeloma, chronic urinary tract obstruction, radiation, transplant rejection

34
Q

when are hyalinized arterioles/arteries seen on microscopy?

A

Nephrosclerosis, maliginant nephrosclerosis

35
Q

Diagnostic signs of renal artery stenosis?

A

abdominal bruits, high renin, string of pearls on arteriography

36
Q

What is angiomyolipoma?

A

tumors made out of vessels, smooth muscle and fat.

37
Q

What is the number one cause of nephrptic syndrome in adults?

A

FSGS

38
Q

When are subendothelial deposits seen on EM?

A

MPGN Type I

39
Q

When are subepithelial deposits seen on EM?

A

Membranous

CRAAB II (18 decks)

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