General Respiratory Flashcards
A likely reason for the lower than normal diffusing capacity is which of the following? A. increased surface area of the alveolar-capillary membrane B. increased driving pressure gradient for diffusion of oxygen C. increased thickness of the alveolar capillary membrane D. decreased diffusion constant for CO2.
C. increased thickness of the alveolar capillary membrane
If Jane’s tidal volume is 0.6 L, the anatomic dead space is 0.14 L, and the respiratory rate is 18 breaths/ min, then estimated alveolar ventilation would be closest to____ A. 8.28 Liters/min B. 10.8 Liters/min C. 2.80 Liters/min D. 5.10 Liters/min
A. 8.28 Liters/min
Fibrosis patients often have a functional residual capacity that is smaller than normal because___. A. The diameter of their airways is greater than normal B. The compliance of the lung is decreased C. The compliance of the chest wall is decreased D. The total lung capacity is greater than normal E. The elastic recoil of the lungs is decreased
B. The compliance of the lung is decreased
Which of the following FEV1 curves would most likely be obtained from an individual with pulmonary fibrosis?
A. Curve X
B. Curve Y
C. Curve Z
C. Curve Z
In a patient diagnosed with emphysema, the ____.
A. lung elastic recoil is greater than normal due to damage of elastic fibers.
B. functional residual capacity is greater than normal due to increased lung compliance.
C. airway compression during forced expiration is less than normal because pleural pressure decreases more than it does in a normal individual.
D. total lung capacity is less than normal due to increased lung compliance.
B. functional residual capacity is greater than normal due to increased lung compliance.
If a person is stabbed with a knife and air enters the intrapleural space (pneumothorax), the most likely response would be for the ___.
A. lung to expand outward and the chest wall to spring inward
B. lung to expand outward and the chest wall to spring outward
C. lung to collapse inward and the chest wall to collapse inward
D. lung to collapse inward and the chest wall to spring outward
C. lung to collapse inward and the chest wall to spring outward
At the end of a maximal inspiration with the glottis open _____.
A. alveolar pressure will be greater than 0.
B. intrapleural pressure will be greater than atmospheric pressure.
C. alveolar pressure will be equal to atmospheric pressure.
D. intrapleural pressure will be equal to atmospheric pressure.
E. intrapleural pressure will be greater than alveolar pressure
C. alveolar pressure will be equal to atmospheric pressure.
Total lung capacity is ______.
A. measured with a spirometer.
B. approximately 500 ml in an adult.
C. the sum of residual volume and vital capacity.
D. the sum of FRC plus tidal volume.
C. the sum of residual volume and vital capacity.
John is a 27 year old marathon runner. He theorizes that breathing 100% O2 should increase the amount of O2 in his blood about 5-fold because room air is 21% O2. Which of the following statements is the most accurate answer to his hypothesis?
A. The amount of O2 carried by Hb will increase markedly but the amount of soluble O2 in his blood will remain the same.
B. The amount of O2 carried by Hb in the blood will not rise appreciably.
C. The amount of O2 carried by Hb in the blood will rise 5-fold.
B. The amount of O2 carried by Hb in the blood will not rise appreciably.
John is almost finished with his 5 mile bike race. Relative to his baseline condition at the start of the race, the amount of O2 delivered to his leg muscles is _____.
A. increased due to the rise in temperature and fall in pH.
B. increased due to the rise in temperature and rise in pH.
C. decreased due to the shortened time for equilibration across the alveolar membrane.
D. decreased due to the rise in blood CO2 which displaces O2 on Hb.
A. increased due to the rise in temperature and fall in pH.
A decrease in blood pH will _______ the rate of breathing.
A. decrease
B. increase
C. not change
B. increase
At the first half mile of a marathon run, ______.
A. the partial pressures of arterial CO2 decreases while O2 shows little change.
B. the partial pressures of arterial CO2 and O2 show little change or no change from resting values.
C. the partial pressure of arterial CO2 increases and O2 decreases.
D. the partial pressures of both arterial CO2 and O2 decrease markedly.
B. the partial pressures of arterial CO2 and O2 show little change or no change from resting values.
In the last half mile of a marathon run, you would expect that _____.
A. the partial pressure of arterial CO2 increases
B. the partial pressure of arterial CO2 decreases
C. the partial pressure of arterial CO2 is fixed at 40 mmHg always
B. the partial pressure of arterial CO2 decreases
The volume of air inspired by a person at rest: ___________.
a. vital capacity
b. total lung capacity
c. residual volume
d. tidal volume
e. inspiratory reserve volumeT
d. tidal volume
The lung volume that increases in a person with obstructive lung disease. ________
a. vital capacity
b. total lung capacity
c. residual volume
d. tidal volume
c. residual volume
The volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inspiration. _______
a. vital capacity
b. total lung capacity
c. residual volume
d. tidal volume
e. inspiratory reserve volume
a. vital capacity
Inspiratory capacity minus tidal volume equals ______.
a. vital capacity
b. total lung capacity
c. residual volume
d. tidal volume
e. inspiratory reserve volume
e. inspiratory reserve volume
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation. _______
a. vital capacity
b. total lung capacity
c. residual volume
d. tidal volume
e. inspiratory reserve volume
c. residual volume
Compliance is:
a. the change in lung volume per unit change in transpulmonary pressure
b. the distensibility of the lung
c. affected by surfactant and elastic fibers of the lung
d. A, B and C
d. A, B and C
Air flows into the lung when:
a. PA is greater than Patm
b. PA equals Patm
c. PA is less than Patm
c. PA is less than Patm
The intrapleural pressure is determined by:
a. PaO2
b. the elastic recoil of the lung
c. the amount of contraction of the inspiratory muscles
d. A and B
e. B and C
e. B and C
FEV1/FVC (Forced expiratory volume in 1 second/Forced vital capacity) is less than 80% in:
a. patients with restrictive lung disease
b. patients with obstructive lung disease
c. A and B
b. patients with obstructive lung disease
Which breathing pattern gives the greatest alveolar ventilation (ml/min) in a person with an anatomic dead space of 150 ml?
a. 1150 ml tidal volume, 5 breaths per minute
b. 450 ml tidal volume, 12 breaths per minute
c. 200 ml tidal volume, 30 breaths per minute
a. 1150 ml tidal volume, 5 breaths per minute
In a person with normal lungs, PAO2 is determined by:
a. the alveolar ventilation rate
b. the respiratory quotient
c. the partial pressure of O2 in atmospheric air
d. A, B and C
d. A, B and C
The concentration of O2 in arterial blood is determined by:
a. the amount of bicarbonate
b. the PaO2
c. the amount of hemoglobin
d. A and B
e. B and C
e. B and C
When the O2 – hemoglobin curve shifts to the left it means:
a. that the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen has increased
b. that the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen has decreased
c. nothing in terms of hemoglobin affinity for oxygen
a. that the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen has increased
During V/Q mismatch, when there is decreased air flow to part of the lung, the response is local:
a. bronchoconstriction
b. bronchodilation
c. vasoconstriction
d. vasodilation
c. vasoconstriction
The peripheral chemoreceptors that regulate breathing detect:
a. PaO2
b. PaCO2
c. blood pH
d. A, B and C
d. A, B and C
With increasing plasma H+ concentration, minute ventilation will:
a. increase
During intense exercise, arterial H+ concentration increases even though PaCO2 decreases due to:
a. decreased ventilation
b. increased PaO2
c. lactic acid production
d. A, B and C
c. lactic acid production
A situation that may lead to respiratory acidosis would be:
a. vomiting
b. exercising
c. hyperventilation
d. hypoventilation
d. hypoventilation
Hypoxia due to cyanide poisoning results in:
a. hypoxic hypoxia
b. anemic hypoxia
c. ischemic hypoxia
d. histotoxic hypoxia
d. histotoxic hypoxia
