Bladder Disease

Question 1

Name some non-infectious causes of cystitis.

Answer 1

radiation, cyclophosphamide

Question 2

Describe Hunner ulcer interstitial cystitis

Answer 2

females, painful, full-thickness fissures

Question 3

What is the significance of the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 3

area of transition from transitional epithelium to squamous epithelium

Question 4

Name some benign neoplasms of the bladder

Answer 4

caruncle, papilloma

Question 5

What is a patent urachal cyst?

Answer 5

persistent allantoic duct - maintains glandular lining, becomes adenocarcinoma

Question 6

What is the most common bladder cancer and epidemiological “typical patient”?

Answer 6

transitional cell carcinoma, 50-80 year old male smoker

Question 7

Name some causes of Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)

Answer 7

tobacco, 2-napthylamine, Schistosomiasis, analgesics, cyclophosphamide

Question 8

What are the 4 stages of bladder cancer and prognosis?

Answer 8

Ta (95% 10 yr survival), T2, T3, M1 (10% 10 yr survival)

Question 9

What are the main causes of urethritis?

Answer 9

Neisseria gonorrhea (treat immediately), E coli, Chlamydia

Question 10

What are the four main congenital abnormalities of the bladder?

Answer 10

Diverticula, patent urachal cyst, vesicoureteral reflux, exstrophy of the bladder

Question 11

Which two congenital abnormalities of the bladder can lead to adenocarcinoma?

Answer 11

patent urachal cyst and exstrophic bladder

Question 12

Name two non-epithelial neoplasms of the bladder?

Answer 12

rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma

Question 13

What is the microscopic hallmark of malacoplakia?

Answer 13

Michaelis Gutman bodies