General Kidneys

Question 1

Renin is secreted by _______.A. Cells in the macula densaB. Cells in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)C. Cells in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)D. Juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 1

D. Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 2

In the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) the greatest fraction of filtered water is reabsorbed in the _______________.A. proximal convoluted tubuleB. loop of HenleC. distal convoluted tubuleD. collecting duct

Answer 2

A. proximal convoluted tubule

Question 3

When a woman who has been on a low sodium diet for 8 days is given an intravenous injection of a drug that inhibits the production of angiotensin II, one would expect _______.A. Her blood pressure to rise because her cardiac output would fall.B. Her blood pressure to rise because her peripheral resistance would fall.C. Her blood pressure to fall because her cardiac output would fall.D. Her blood pressure to fall because her peripheral resistance would fall.

Answer 3

D. Her blood pressure to fall because her peripheral resistance would fall.

Question 4

Functions of the kidneys include all but one of the following. Identify the exception.A. Regulation of extracellular fluid volume.B. Maintenance of ion balance in body fluids.C. Regulation of blood protein levels.D. Regulation of blood osmolarity.E. Homeostatic regulation of blood pH.

Answer 4

C. Regulation of blood protein levels.

Question 5

The process of ______ involves a carrier protein that can transport a molecule against its concentration gradient without the expenditure of cellular energy.

Answer 5

secondary active transport

Question 6

The transport mechanism that can move a substance against its concentration gradient by using cellular energy is____ .

Answer 6

primary active transport

Question 7

Damage to the kidney medulla would interfere with the functioning of the ______.A. Bowman’s capsuleB. distal convoluted tubuleC. collecting ductD. proximal convoluted tubuleE. glomerulus

Answer 7

C. collecting duct

Question 8

If blood flow through the afferent arterioles increases ___________.A. Stretch reflexes trigger vasoconstriction to reduce the flow.B. The smooth muscle in the vessel wall relaxes to accommodate the increased flow.C. The stretch triggers further relaxation of the arteriolar wall, reducing blood pressure.D. B and C

Answer 8

A. Stretch reflexes trigger vasoconstriction to reduce the flow.

Question 9

Measurements in a nephron reveal a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 69 mm Hg and a fluid pressure in Bowman’s capsule of 15 mm Hg. Assuming an oncotic pressure of 30 mmHg and essentially no plasma protein are filtered, what is the glomerular filtration pressure in this case?A. 39 mmHgB. 114 mmHgC. 54 mmHgD. 24 mmHg

Answer 9

D. 24 mmHg

Question 10

Systemic blood pressure remains constant but the afferent arteriole of a nephron constricts. What happens to the arteriole resistance and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in that nephron?A. arteriolar resistance increases; GFR increasesB. arteriolar resistance decreases; GFR increasesC. arteriolar resistance increases; GFR decreasesD. arteriolar resistance decreasess; GFR decreases

Answer 10

C. arteriolar resistance increases; GFR decreases

Question 11

Filtered molecules that are not reabsorbed and are secreted will have clearance rates _________________ inulin.A. Less thanB. Greater thanC. Equal to

Answer 11

B. Greater than

Question 12

Renal threshold for X refers to the plasma concentration of X where ___________.A. maximal glomerular filtration occurs.B. all of the renal carriers for X are saturated.C. the afferent arterioles are dilated to their maximal diameter.D. none of the above.

Answer 12

B. all of the renal carriers for X are saturated.